Polyurea

It is basically excessive urination more than 3 liter per day in Adult and 2 liter per day in Children out of 24 hour

Mechanism:

There are following two mechanisms:

1. Excretion of non absorbable solute in which Glucose and Manitol are the two major components.
2. Excretion Of Water, Normal Osmolality should be 600-800 m osmol

Polyurea Classification:

It is classified into two Uresis

1. Water Diuresis
2. Solute Diuresis

Water Diuresis:

It is less than 250 m osmole

Due to primary polydipsia excessive thirst generate by brain

Reasons:

1. Psychiatric
2. Neurological
3. Drugs such as Antipsychotic
4. Thioridazine
5. Chlorpromazine
6. Anticholinergic Agents

Solute Diuresis:

Excessive filtration of solute such as

1. Glucose
2. Urea
3. Mannitol

It is greater than 300 m osmole

Diabetes Insipidus:

There are two types of Diabetes Insipidus which can cause inadequate secretion of vasopressor can result in Polyurea.

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus:

Failure of renal tubule to response vasopressor.

Causes Of Central Diabetes Insipidus:

1. Idiopathic
2. Post Hypophysectomy
3. Trauma
4. Supra or Intracellular Tumor Histiocytosis
5. Infection
6. Fat Embolus

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Cause:

Acquired Tubular Disease:

1. Polynephritis
2. Analgesic Nephropathy
3. Multiple Myeloma
4. Drugs or Toxins such as Lithium, Ethanol, Amphotericin

Congenital Cause:

1. Hereditary Disease
2. Polycystic Disease
3. Medularycystic Disease