Gestational Diabetes

It is a transient form of Diabetes Mellitus, As we all know Glucose is major source of energy which come from digestion of Carbohydrates later it will break down into small components and carried by blood stream to different organ of body.

If there is Hyperglycemia which means "Increase level of blood sugar" will became toxic for our body, Glucose Level is not being regulated well such as 500 mg/dl then all extracellular fluid turn into Hyperosmotic condition. It will suck the fluid out of the cell and cells starts malfunctioning that cause dehydration and person feels lethargic.

Hyperglycemia Role In Kidney:

Both Kidneys have almost 1.2 millions of nephrons, when blood glucose level raises up then afferent arterioles brings more electrolytes and glucose to capillaries (glomeruli) which is also known as filtering part of body and glucose become freely permeable.

In a normal person electrolytes filter from glomeruli into nephrons, most of glucose reabsorbed back to blood and rest of water excrete out in form of urine

Special Mechanism like special proximal convoluted tubule one of them is SGLT (Sodium Glucose Link Transporter) take glucose from epical side of membrane and send it to basolateral side of membrane from where electrolytes with glucose pass out in normal range from Glucose Transporter Type 2 and specialize in Sodium-Potassium Adenosine Tri Phosphate

If there is pathological increase in Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, and Phosphate then Glomeruli will be overwhelmed and some of the blood glucose not reabsorbed and move towards more distal parts of nephrons which will cause Glycosuria.

Glycosuria: Presence of Glucose in Urine which create condition of Diuresis in which Hypothalamus (part of brain) activates thirst in case a person drinks more water and that water will excrete out from body and then weight loss occur with multiple problems including Polyurea, Polydipsia, Polyphagia.

Gestational Diabetes Risk Factor:

1. Physical Inability
2. Low HDL level
3. HbA1C greater than 5.7
4. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
5. Previous Infant with macrosomia
6. Clinical Features Related To Maternal:
7. Asymptomatic
8. Obese
9. Gestational Hypertension
10. Pre Eclampsia

Clinical Features Related To Infant:

1. Macrosomia (greater than 4000 g)
2. Neonatal Hypoglycemia
3. Hyper-bilirubinemia
4. Respiratory distress
5. Prematurity