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Secrets of Loch Ness
NARRATOR: Exploring the depths of Loch Ness and other mysterious bodies of water would indeed be a profound adventure, revealing potential answers to age-old questions. It sparks the imagination to think about what we might uncover beneath those tranquil surfaces. What mysteries of the deep do you think we might find most intriguing?.Using accurate data and astonishing technology to bring light once again to a lost world. Can a killing field on the shores of a Siberian lake shed light on the world's most famous monster? OLGA: This is the pelvic bone, these are the shoulder blades and vertebrae. NARRATOR: Can a marine robot finally uncover the Loch's strangest secret of all? And could a long-lost shipwreck really be a boat destroyed by Nessie herself? ADRIAN: When people said that John Cobb's crash was caused by the Loch Ness Monster, in a sense they were right. (theme music plays). NARRATOR: 23 miles long and over 700 feet deep, Loch Ness is the biggest body of fresh water in the British Isles. 100 miles north of the Scottish capital, Edinburgh, it slices the highlands in two. Many people are convinced that its deep, dark waters harbor a secretive creature. Now, a new expedition hopes to solve the mystery of the Loch Ness monster once and for all. And discover whether it's myth or reality. CRAIG: In terms of the mission plan now, you can see we've dived. We're already down at 200 meters of water. I don't think we've been to this altitude in Loch Ness before anyway. ADRIAN: Before. CRAIG: So this will be the best resolution achieved in the Loch to date. NARRATOR: Scotland's stunning natural landscape includes over 30,000 lochs, the local word for lakes. And for most of its history, Loch Ness is just one of them. But all that changes in the early 1930s, when a new road brings new visitors and a series of strange sightings begins, which culminate in an image captured by a visiting English surgeon. One of the most iconic photographs ever taken. ADRIAN: The surgeon's picture, of course, is a picture which everybody in the western world will know. NARRATOR: Loch Ness has been drawing fascinated visitors ever since. Eight decades later, over a million tourists are still drawn to the shores of the Loch every year, in search of Nessie. WOMAN: My aunt, you saw it, didn't you? WOMAN: Yeah, oh, distinctly. I don't doubt there's a monster. MAN: I saw this hump. MAN: We saw the head and the four humps. It was the very same color as an elephant. NARRATOR: No fewer than 1,000 people have claimed to see the monster. MAN: It was the size of a yacht hull. MAN: It looked like a submarine coming closer and closer and you could see the long neck. NARRATOR: And there's been a recent surge in sightings. MAN: So, I saw a dark shape in the water. I was out further, towards the other end of the castle. Something's moving, between the trees. WOMAN: Oh my God, it's moving! NARRATOR: For many, Nessie is a sincerely held belief. Steve Feltham saw something unusual in 1991. STEVE: I saw one thing in the first year of being here. Something just shot across the bay in front of me and you couldn't tell what it was. You could only see a spray of water coming off of something, like a torpedo. NARRATOR: Steve was so fascinated, he set up a full-time vigil. STEVE: To be honest I thought all I need to do now is be ready for the next time with the camera, to take that all-important photograph. NARRATOR: 28 years later, he's still waiting. MAN (over film): Loch Ness, on which the eyes of the world are focused. NARRATOR: Scientists too have been drawn to the Loch, and their experiences have been just as mixed as Steve's. MAN (over film): The hunt is well and truly on. NARRATOR: All through the 1970s and 80s, major investigations traversed the Loch in the hope of making a genuine zoological discovery. Most come back empty handed, but not all. REPORTER (over TV): The team of scientists sweeping the depths of Loch ness said tonight they've made sonar contact with a large unidentified object. They described it as an unusual... NARRATOR: No sighting has ever been properly confirmed. But expeditions like these inspire naturalist Adrian Shine. He's been researching Loch Ness for more than 40 years. ADRIAN: Much of the work that we with the Loch Ness Project have been doing is biological. Counting fish, counting plankton, that sort of thing. And that's why I built a submarine. I recruited students and that's why we collaborate with so many universities. But inevitably we've become also intrigued by other aspects of Loch Ness. NARRATOR: And no other aspect intrigues Adrian more, than the biggest question of all. Now, he's teamed up with Craig Wallace, an expert in deep water exploration. They're on board the research boat Deep Scan, hoping to reveal what's inside Loch Ness in greater detail than ever before. And even if they don't find the monster, Adrian believes that 21st Century technology can explain what it is that people have been seeing. CRAIG: We've got a vertical range of 14 meters. ADRIAN: So you've got a very high resolution. CRAIG: Very high resolution. We're actually gonna drop down further to eight meters so we're gonna double it again. ADRIAN: Okay. Okay. NARRATOR: To find a monster, perhaps you need a monster. At the heart of this expedition is this robotic underwater vehicle, armed with the latest sonar, it can even adjust its own course to avoid obstacles. It's called Munin. CRAIG: It's only now that technology's getting up to that level where we can put vehicles in autonomously, where they're making decisions on their own, which allows you high accuracy navigation. NARRATOR: The first thing Adrian and Craig want Munin to do is to take a really close look at the bottom of the Loch. CAPTAIN: Clear. Prop, we're testing the prop. NARRATOR: As it travels through the water, Munin sends signals that reach 700 feet down. Some believe there might be a huge cave there, the perfect spot for a large creature to hide inside. If there is a cave, it will show up as the signals bounce back to Munin and the receiving systems on the research vessel. And if Munin was to detect not just a cave, but a monster, what would it be like? The photograph that created the most popular image looks like a dinosaur. But could a dinosaur really exist in the Scottish highlands? The country's dramatic landscape is made up of some of the oldest rock layers in the world. And embedded in them are thousands of extraordinary dinosaur fossils, which have long drawn scientists to the country, including Dr. Steve Brusatte. STEPHEN: In the lagoons and long the rivers and the lakes, you would have had dinosaurs. These kind of animals did indeed live in Scotland. There were sea monsters here. NARRATOR: But the question is, are there any sea monsters now? The last known large dinosaurs in Scotland went extinct with the rest of their relatives 66 million years ago. And extinct animals don't just suddenly reappear, or do they? In 1938, a fish caught off the coast of South Africa shakes the scientific world. The coelacanth has long been thought to be extinct. It had previously only ever been seen in fossils over 70 million years old. But the coelacanth, it turns out, has been hiding in plain sight. Could something similar have happened in Loch Ness? A supposedly extinct prehistoric beast, lurking, hidden from view, in his peaty waters. For this to be even possible, the Loch Ness we know today would have to be a very ancient lake. A lake from the time of the dinosaurs. So is it? To find out, we'd need to peer into the deepest recesses of the Loch and examine its very bedrock. But over 700 feet down, Loch Ness is too deep for most divers. Instead, we have Munin, which has now completed its scans, giving us the data we need to drain the waters from the Loch. Slowly, the Loch's true scale is revealed. With steep side walls plunging down, at its base, there are no signs of any caves. Instead, just a barren plain of soft, deep sediment. But with our new data we can peel the sediment back too, to reveal in the depths of the Loch, a glistening layer of glacial clay. Clay that can give us a more detailed understanding of the Loch's history and whether it could hold a prehistoric monster. For decades, scientists are intrigued by these ancient layers at the bottom of the Loch, and drill into the lake bed to extract core samples. ADRIAN: That is a time capsule of events within the Loch. NARRATOR: They study the core samples. And calculate that the layer of clay marks the end of the last ice age. ADRIAN: So we've got a problem, Loch Ness was one big ice cube until 10,000 years ago. NARRATOR: The dinosaurs went extinct long before then. And even if some had somehow managed to survive in Scotland, they could never have lived inside an ice cube. STEPHEN: There's just no way that any of these 170 million year old Jurassic animals could have ever lived in that lake. NARRATOR: So if a monster does inhabit the Loch, it's not a dinosaur. So what could it be? Perhaps there's a clue in another famous sighting. In the spring of 1933, hotel manager Aldi Mackay and her husband John are driving along the shore of Loch Ness when suddenly they see something moving through the water. The couple watch amazed for a full minute, as what seems to be a creature rolls around in the center of the Loch and churns up the water around it. Later, Aldi tells a reporter than the creature looked like a whale. Her story becomes front page news all around the world. Aldi took no photographs, but in subsequent decades, other sightings seem to match this whale like description. So could the monster really be a huge marine mammal? The problem is there is no swimmable route from the sea to Loch Ness. And even if a whale like creature could get into the Loch, there's a bigger obstacle. Any saltwater beast would surely die in a freshwater lake. Or would it? The answer to this question may lie somewhere else, in the deepest and oldest lake in the world. NARRATOR: At almost 400 miles long, up to 49 miles wide, and in places a full mile deep, Lake Baikal is at least 25 million years old. 4,000 miles away from Scotland, this mega lake is so colossal, it can hold 3,000 times more water than Loch Ness. And still have room for a few monsters. Local folklore claims that a dragon like creature inhabits these icy waters. But it's not dragons that local scientists have been studying... instead they've made a series of startling discoveries that might help solve the mystery of how a sea mammal could thrive back in Loch Ness. In the winter months, if local people want to cross Baikal, they don't go around the lake, they just drive over it. On ice that's up to five feet thick. Olga Goriunova is part of a joint Russian Canadian team that's been excavating on the western shore. OLGA: Usually when you deal with research along the shore of Lake Baikal, people tend to focus on the ecology aspect only. The landscape. The wildlife and so on, and all the surroundings. NARRATOR: Olga has made a special study of an ancient community that created Stone Age art here over 4,000 years ago. Some of the creatures they drew look familiar, but they're not Loch Ness monsters or even dragons. Olga has a less fanciful explanation. OLGA: Here we have swans. This is a more ancient drawing. And here we can see groups of swans. NARRATOR: Along the lake's shore is a site that plays a crucial role in the lives of these people. OLGA: The oldest layer of this site is more than 9,000 years old. Here, we have a stack of dark layers dating back to the Neolithic period, or the new Stone Age. NARRATOR: Olga believes that the ancient community here used this place as a Stone Age slaughterhouse. OLGA: This is very interesting. Here, the wall collapsed, revealing bones. Look, this is the pelvic bone. These are the shoulder blades and here is a vertebrae. NARRATOR: So what's all this got to do with the Loch Ness monster? The connection is a creature that these ancient humans were butchering on the shores of the fresh water lake. To find it, we must first drain Lake Baikal. As the ice cracks and melts, trillions of gallons of freshwater flood out. And an unseen landscape emerges, with vast quantities of sediment piled high on the immense lake bed. But if this sediment is also pulled back, it reveals of evidence of thousands of years of hunting. Bones everywhere with all their meat hacked off. It quickly becomes obvious that one animal above all predominates. A sea creature that's familiar to anyone in Scotland. Seals. In every other place on the planet, seals are a saltwater creature. But the bones here belong to the nerpa, a remarkable species of seal that uniquely evolved to live in fresh water. But how did they first get here, over 1,000 miles from the saltwater of the sea? One possible explanation is that 300,000 years ago, Baikal may have been connected to the Arctic Ocean, but when the connection was broken, the seals were trapped and so had to adapt. Could something similar have happened in Loch Ness? Large sea creatures finding their way to an inland lake and then evolving to live there? Glacial geologist Jeremy Everest uses the latest technology to study landscapes and the way they can change over time. With an array of computing power, geologists can now model the area of Scotland around the northern end of the Loch in fine detail. Jeremy also uses an interactive 3D model that works like a hologram where he can play scientific Moses with a wave of his hand. JEREMY: I can hold my hand over the model and it'll rain, so I'm filling the, filling the ocean and raising the local sea level. NARRATOR: So what happens if the water continues to rise? For example, at the end of an Ice Age. JEREMY: Sea levels rise because all the ice is melting and draining the waters back into the oceans, allowing water to cross this area of land and enter Loch Ness. There we have a marine incursion with sea water draining into the Loch. NARRATOR: And if the land barrier disappears, could a creature like a whale swim between the two? Lake Baikal proves that salt water animals can adapt to live in fresh water. So a whale like creature entering the Loch at this time might not be an impossibility. Although many geologists, including Jeremy, are highly skeptical, and finally there's another problem. Whales and seals are mammals and breath air. If one was in the Loch today, every time it came up for air it would be spotted. So large sea mammals cannot be the explanation for the Loch Ness Monster. If she isn't a dinosaur and can't be a whale, what could explain one of the most famous sightings of all? In 1936, Malcolm Irvine becomes the first person to film a huge indistinct creature swimming against the current. Many sightings since have described a large animal doing the same, pushing against the wind and water. ADRIAN: You will see a tree trunk or log out on the Loch, but then you realize it isn't, it can't be. It can't be. It's swimming. It's swimming against the wind. NARRATOR: Surely nothing but Nessie could ever move through water like this. NARRATOR: If you want a sense of just how strange lakes can be, the biggest lake in the world is a good place to start. Lake Baikal's own resident water dragon tends to get blamed whenever anything unusual happens here, and in 2009, something totally extraordinary happens. Astronauts aboard the International Space Station observe giant circles, huge rings carved into the ice. They are over two and a half miles in diameter. And so bizarre that it's not just the water dragon that gets blamed. ALEXEI: People started to speak about flying saucers, fairy rings, or underwater civilizations. So it looks so strange and so unusual. NARRATOR: Alexei Kouraev is studying the circles scientifically, trying to work out what causes them. Might what he discovers shed light on those strange sightings back in Loch Ness? The most obvious thing about the rings close up are gas bubbles trapped in the ice. At first, experts wonder if this means the rings are connected to giant underwater gas vents that Alexei knows are on the lake bed. He sends a remotely operated vehicle, or ROV, under the ice to see if the bubbles and rings are linked. But deep in the lake, the water's so dark it's almost impossible for him to see anything. But we can. Using the data from Alexei's ROV to drain part of the lake that's known to contain vents. As vast volumes of water vanish, the steep lake sides plummet a mile down. And now, daylight shines on the massive expanse of the lake bed. Huge rocky cliffs travel along its length, evidence of the giant seismic rift that first created Baikal. Near the rift, raised areas. The vents. These are mini volcanoes. Holes in the earth's crust that spew out hot gasses into the icy waters. But there's a further mystery, the sites of the vents bear no relation to the sites of the giant rings. So they can't be causing them. From the air, the surface of this immense lake looks utterly still and inert. But recent research by Alexei is showing that under the ice it's a different story. ALEXEI: Baikal is covered for several months by ice. One may think that it's sleeping, but actually it's quite the opposite. So by cutting a hole in the ice, it gives you a kind of window to this underwater world. NARRATOR: Alexei is sending down the ROV, to study how water behaves in Baikal. As it descends, it monitors the density and speed of currents, to create a three-dimensional image of the water. His work has deepened our knowledge of how Lake Baikal actually works, revealing that under the ice, the water is in turmoil. ALEXEI: So it's a huge mass of water with several hundreds of meter high, which is in constant rotation. NARRATOR: As cold winds blow over the lake, they chill the top layers of water. These then sink and warmer layers below rise, creating immense currents which eventually form powerful spiraling eddies. ALEXEI: When you know where the eddies, most probably the ice rinks will develop. NARRATOR: The eddies, with their powerful columns of warm water, corkscrew around... thinning the ice above them and forming great rings. So huge, they can be seen from space. Could Loch Ness contain forces just as strange and surprising as those in Baikal? And if so, might they account for some of the most common monster sightings of all, the ones that swim against the current. WOMAN: Oh my God, it's moving. NARRATOR: When the summer sun heats the surface, it creates a thin layer of warm water on top of colder, denser water underneath. When the wind blows, it pushes that warmer layer up the length of the Loch. When it reaches the far end, it bounces back down the Loch, moving in the opposite direction to the cooler water underneath it. ADRIAN: Invisible at the surface, huge waves fall. They are very slow but they are very big. They are over 100 feet high. NARRATOR: With invisible waves rebounding up and down the Loch, big objects carried by the top layer, create the illusion that something is swimming against the wind. ADRIAN: That is a perfectly rational deduction, that a piece of material is seen to have a slow motion against the wind, and hence thought to be swimming. NARRATOR: Scientists are convinced this phenomenon can explain Malcolm Irvine's sighting of a creature moving against the current. But there is still one type of sighting that remains unexplained. One of the most common of all. Many people have claimed to see something that looks like a giant multi-humped creature, wriggling across the Loch. The first person to study the monster seriously, Rupert Gould, concluded from these sightings that Nessie must be a sea serpent. So, are all the people who claim to see this just deluded? Or could an extraordinary new discovery by Adrian and his crew prove that they are seeing something real after all? NARRATOR: Adrian and Craig are on the second part of their mission to scan Loch Ness. This time, they're on the hunt for a tragic shipwreck, lost for almost 70 years. In 1952, national hero John Cobb is determined to attempt the world water speed record. MAN (over film): He climbed into the cockpit of a 6,000 horsepower hydroplane, The Crusader. Loch Ness in Scotland, the habitat of a legendary sea serpent, had been chosen as the ideal spot for the planned record breaking time trial. NARRATOR: But as the jet engine that powers his boat pushes it over 200 miles per hour... disaster. The Crusader explodes and John Cobb is killed instantly. Only small pieces of debris are ever recovered. Where is the rest of the boat and the giant engine that powered it? And what caused the crash? Believers have long speculated that the monster could be to blame. The crash took place on the eastern end of the Loch, and it's here Adrian and Craig will scan. It's not the first time Adrian's looked for The Crusader. In July 2002, using the remotely operated vehicle, his team finds what they believe to be a debris field. But 700 feet down, visibility is so poor there's no way of knowing if this really is Cobb's boat. Now they're back. Using Munin's advanced scanning technology, to find out if this is indeed the last resting place of The Crusader. CRAIG: So here is the mission we planned, and you can see that this is really tight line spacing, giving us the best possible chance of finding that engine. ADRIAN: It really is. CRAIG: We've dropped down very close to the sea bed, so the size scanner is running at 600 kilohertz. ADRIAN: 600, that's very high. CRAIG: And we're, so it's the best possible solution we can have. NARRATOR: Cruising close to the crash site, the underwater robot passes back and forth, constantly scanning whatever is below. With the data successfully on board, the team analyzes the results. CRAIG: What I'm seeing is something much larger than we previously thought. Something here worth investigating. ADRIAN: There certainly is. CRAIG: Let's process some of the data. So once it's processed, what you get here, we can take a look at this in three dimensions. So the same site gives us this. ADRIAN: Oh well. That looks like Crusader, and I am amazed. NARRATOR: If they've discovered the Crusader, it could be historically important, revealing details of the crash for the first time. To be sure, we need to remove the dark waters of Loch Ness from above the wreck. As the loch empties, a remarkable sight. The debris field. Scattered pieces of aluminum blown apart by explosive power. As light hits what appears to be the broken aluminum hull, it's clear half the boat remains intact. Including one of its stabilizers. And a huge jet engine runs over a third the length of the boat, much bigger than you'd expect on any regular speed boat. It's the proof they've been looking for. It's the Crusader. But can they solve the mystery of why it was wrecked? And why some people believe that Nessie could have played a role. ADRIAN: After the accident, there were speculations that it was the wake of the Loch Ness Monster. NARRATOR: Adrian and Craig go back to the original footage and analyze the crash frame by frame. And spot something unusual. ADRIAN: That's interesting. I think we should look at the other side, yes. Right. Now this is different. CRAIG: This is from the other side, looking from the west shore. ADRIAN: There is an oscillation taking place. CRAIG: Yeah. ADRIAN: He's thrown backwards and forwards, backwards and forwards. CRAIG: So she's still fully in control as she crosses the measure mile. ADRIAN: She's in control, but she's oscillating. CRAIG: He's started to slow down, the camera's slowly catching there. ADRIAN: And down goes the bow and immediately you see this plume go out. CRAIG: Yeah. ADRIAN: And there we go. NARRATOR: Analysis of the footage reveals Crusader hits waves. But this is puzzling. There shouldn't have been any waves. Cobb and his team know that they can only conduct speed trials on those rare days when the Loch is absolutely calm. They delay their record-breaking attempt until the wind has dropped and the Loch is so calm it's like a mirror. So where does the mysterious wave come from? Adrian thinks there's something else on the bottom of the Loch that could help answer the question of why waves big enough to destroy a boat can suddenly appear in Loch Ness, as if from nowhere. NARRATOR: People have lived around Loch Ness for centuries. But there were hardly any sightings of a monster until the 1930s, when the numbers explode. Why the sudden increase? Adrian believes that another wreck at the bottom of Loch Ness may help explain, and shed light on the tragic fate of John Cobb. The Pansy is an ocean-going fishing boat, built at the turn of the 20th Century. She has a 60 foot main mast, two feet thick at the base. But what is an ocean-going vessel doing in Loch Ness? In 1803, construction begins on an ambitious project to link the Lochs of the Great Glen into a 60 mile passage from sea to sea. The Caledonian Canal. With this waterway in place, fishing fleets can now cross through its canal locks quickly from one side of Scotland to the other. ADRIAN: Thousands once moved through Loch Ness from the east to the west coast fishing grounds. NARRATOR: One of those thousands of boats is the Pansy. Perhaps it can now offer up a clue to the surge in monster sightings. CRAIG: So, we're gonna pass the Munin really close right over the top of Pansy, so we can get the best possible three-dimensional representation of the wreck. NARRATOR: The Pansy sinks near the center of the Loch, close to an area called Foyers. It's here where Munin is completing its final scan. CRAIG: If we zoom in here, wow, look at that. Now I'm starting to see some extra footage. ADRIAN: You have the most classic form. Look at that deep four foot and that digs into the water and allows the vessel to tack against the wind. Look at the rudder there on that sharp stern. NARRATOR: Using Craig's incredibly precise data, we can drain the waters around the wreck of Pansy, to show the Loch bed here in extraordinary detail. Revealing the fishing boat for the first time in almost 100 years. Gently resting on the Loch bed, she's remarkably intact. Including the crutch on which the huge mast once rested. But the data reveals something unexpected. A missing piece. ADRIAN: Where's the mast? CRAIG: Yeah. ADRIAN: If there's no mast then how did she get about? CRAIG: Yep. NARRATOR: Returning to the drained wreck site reveals the answer. Inside her wooden hull, an engine. ADRIAN: The boat was built in 1903, but in 1909, an auxiliary motor was fitted. A 40... a 48 horsepower Thornycroft. NARRATOR: Pansy didn't have a mast because she no longer needed one. The installing of a Thornycroft engine allowed her to move between fishing grounds, even in dead calm weather. And this simple advance in technology may help explain how a wave could suddenly come from nowhere, as it did so disastrously for John Cobb. ADRIAN: If the water goes calm, a sailing vessel goes nowhere, it is becalmed. NARRATOR: To be able to sail, a sailing vessel requires wind, and wind can disturb the water so completely you can't see a boat's wake. But with the advent of motor power, boats can travel back and forth across Loch Ness, in dead calm, leaving an unbroken and visible wake behind them. It's now that Loch Ness itself turns these wakes into something remarkable. Its steep sides and unusually straight shape mean that wakes created by boats can last for hours, moving up and down the Loch, miles from any visible boat. ADRIAN: If you're looking across the Loch, the vessel having made it will have gone a mile or more before that, that wake hits the shore. NARRATOR: Despite Cobb's precautions, the likely explanation for his crash is that his lightly built speed boat hit a long lasting wake, perhaps from one of his own support vessels. ADRIAN: They can travel for miles in calm water, where they're not broken up. At 200 miles an hour, any wave is going to damage a lightly built vessel like Crusader. NARRATOR: The unexpectedly strange behavior of water and currents in Loch Ness may also explain that strangest of all phenomena in the Loch, the monster. From above, they are simple wakes. But side on from the shore line, the monster appears. ADRIAN: And that wake, observed from a low angle, actually looks very solid. MAN: See, look, what's that? What is that? NARRATOR: Just as Cobb's vessel was likely hit by a wake, the many people who think they see a humped serpent wriggling in the Loch may in fact be seeing nothing more mysterious than the watery signature of a boat that's many miles away. ADRIAN: Have we solved the Loch Ness mystery? Well, there will be a Loch Ness Monster as long as we want one. NARRATOR: Draining Loch Ness reveals a possible scientific explanation of one of the world's greatest mysteries. But for the excited visitors who still come in search of Nessie, and the hundreds who claim to catch a glimpse of her, the monster remains alive and well. Captioned by Cotter Captioning Services.
By wassim mem2 years ago in Earth
The Most Disturbing Stories of People Going Missing
Absolutely, mysteries like these capture our imagination and intrigue us with their unresolved nature. They often invite speculation, theories, and sometimes even fear or fascination. What do you find most intriguing about unsolved mysteries like these?But some of the most disturbing mysteries out there are the stories of ordinary people vanishing into thin air. Maybe they went for a hike, or a bike ride. Maybe they went on a cruise. Or perhaps they were simply spending a quiet night alone at home. Whatever the reason, they disappeared and were never seen again. We always assume it could never happen to us, but then again… didn't the missing people likely assume the exact same thing? It's the stuff of nightmares, these unsolved disappearances, and yet we just can't seem to look away. We theorize, we investigate, and we compile lists into YouTube videos. Today, we're delving deep into some of the most disturbing stories of people going missing. If you've ever been up late at night, perusing lists of the most disturbing real images ever captured on film, chances are you've seen a photograph of a young woman and a boy, bound and gagged with black tape over their mouths, but you may not know the context. This haunting image has been connected to the disappearance of a young woman named Tara Calico. It was the morning of September 20, 1988, and 19-year-old Tara Calico left her home in Valencia County, New Mexico, to go for a bike ride. She took the same route every day along New Mexico State Road 47. Tara's mother, Patty, sometimes rode with her, but after an incident with a car driving aggressively close to her, Patty had been leaving Tara to take the ride by herself. She suggested that Tara bring some mace with her for self-defense, but Tara didn't think she needed it. After all, she'd been taking that same route for years with no issues. As she left, Tara joked to her mother that she had better come out and look for her if she wasn't back by noon. After all, she had a tennis date with her boyfriend at 12:30 and didn't want to miss it. It was only a joke, but when noon rolled around, Tara was still not home. She had disappeared in broad daylight on the route she had biked for years. Patty drove up and down the route that afternoon, searching for any sign of the missing girl, but couldn't find a thing. She called the police, and a search party was put together, but neither her bike nor Tara herself were found. A few witnesses remembered seeing Tara, and a couple recalled a light-colored pickup truck driving down the road at the same time, but no one saw any signs of foul play. The only signs that Tara had ever been there at all were pieces of her broken walkman, along with a cassette tape, found on the ground. At first, police suspected that the girl was a runaway. But according to John Doel, Tara's stepfather, as well as Patty, Tara was a happy girl with no reason to do something like that. The couple were heartbroken, waiting for any evidence that might lead them to Tara. On June 15, 1989, nearly nine months after Tara first vanished, an unlikely and disturbing clue surfaced. A Polaroid picture was found in a convenience store parking lot in Port St. Joe, Florida, 1500 miles from where Tara had been riding her bike. In the photo, a teenage girl and young boy were lying on sheets and a pillow, bound and with duct tape over their mouths. The woman who found the picture called the police and described a white Toyota van that had been parked in the spot before she arrived. Its driver was a man in his thirties with a mustache. Police attempted to catch the vehicle with a roadblock but could not find it or its driver. The photograph quickly gained national prominence, and caught the attention of friends of Patty, who believed it could be Tara. There was some debate as to whether or not the girl in the photograph was Tara, but certain details led Patty to believe that it was. The girl had a discolored streak on her thigh, just like a scar Tara had gotten in a car accident. There was a V.C. Andrews paperback next to her, one of Tara's favorite writers. Authorities weighed in next and were divided on the subject. The Los Alamos National Laboratory did not believe it was Tara, while the FBI could not reach a definitive conclusion. Meanwhile, Scotland Yard in the United Kingdom agreed that the girl in the photo was Tara. No matter who the girl in the photo was, the picture had certainly been taken recently, no later than May of that same year. Soon after, the young boy in the Polaroid was identified as nine-year-old Michael Henley, whose family came forward. Michael disappeared while on a hunting trip with his father in New Mexico in April 1988. Now, his family was convinced their son was in this photo. However, in 1990, Michael's body was found seven miles from the campsite where he disappeared. He had died from exposure before the Polaroid had even been taken. To this day, Tara Calico's disappearance remains unsolved. In 2008, the Valencia County Sheriff claimed to know what had happened to Tara. He said that two men, teenagers at the time, were following Tara on her bike when an accident occurred. In a panic, they disposed of her body and covered it up. However, with no body, no arrest could be made. There has been little to support these claims since 2008. Over the years, some additional Polaroid photographs have appeared, which could have depicted Tara Calico. One, a blurry photo of a girl's face with tape over the mouth, found near a construction site in Montecito, California, and taken sometime after May 1989, compelled Patty. She believed this could be an additional image of her daughter. The other, a picture of a woman sitting next to a man on an Amtrak train, bound and with her eyes covered, was taken around February of 1990. Patty did not believe this photo to be of Tara. More than thirty years after her disappearance, Tara's case remains unsolved, with nothing to go on other than a smattering of uncertain evidence and a haunting Polaroid picture. In June of 2023, however, there was a ray of light through all these exceedingly dark clouds. The Valencia County Sheriff’s Office announced they’d made a break in the case, with Sheriff Denise Vigil saying, “At this time, law enforcement believes there is sufficient evidence to submit this investigation to the district attorney's office for review of potential charges. Currently, the identities and specifics of the persons of interest are sealed by the court and will remain so until a court order otherwise.” We’re still waiting for updates on that one. When we think of disappearances, we tend to assume that they occurred somewhere remote. The dense forests of a national park or a ship in the middle of the ocean. But sometimes, someone can vanish from within the walls of a place that millions of people consider holy, sacred, and presumably safe. Emanuela Orlandi, the fifteen-year-old daughter of a Vatican official, left home to attend her flute lesson on June 22, 1983. She reached class safely and called her sister after it ended, but she never made it back home. She was declared missing the next day, and the search began for the girl who had gone missing in the Vatican. On June 25, a tip was called in describing a girl with a flute and wearing clothing matching Orlandi's at the time of her disappearance. According to his story, she was in Rome, calling herself Barbarella, and had run away from home to sell Avon. This was a dream that she had previously mentioned to her sister. Another tip came in on June 28, in which a man told authorities he had met a girl named Barbara, a runaway, who he had encountered at a bar near the music school where Orlandi's flute lessons were given. However, she could not be tracked down, and the theories surrounding the case began to get stranger and stranger. Other tips poured in, claiming that a Turkish terrorist group called the Grey Wolves had kidnapped Orlandi as part of a conspiracy to hold her hostage and exchange her for an assassin. But there were also theories involving the Mafia presence in the surrounding area, as well as the Vatican itself. The ex-girlfriend of Enrico De Pedis, leader of the Rome-based crime syndicate Banda della Magliana, claimed that he had once confided in her about kidnapping Orlandi with plans to hold her for ransom. However, there has never been concrete evidence linking him to the disappearance. Another extremely upsetting theory comes from Father Gabriele Amorth, the Vatican's chief exorcist. He claims that Orlandi was taken as part of a plot by the Vatican, police, and local lawmakers to sexually traffic young women. He said on the subject, "This was a crime with a sexual motive. Parties were organized, with a Vatican gendarme acting as the ‘recruiter’ of the girls. The network involved diplomatic personnel from a foreign embassy to the Holy See. I believe Emanuela ended up as a victim of this circle.” None of these theories have been linked to definitive proof. Since her disappearance, her family has been primarily focused on locating her body so that they can have some sort of closure. In 2019, the Orlandi family's lawyer, Laura Sgro, received a bizarre letter containing a photograph of a tomb beneath the Vatican and the ominous instructions, "Look where the angel is pointing." This referred to the marble angel placed there. The tomb was searched, but no human remains were found there. In fact, the tomb was completely empty, according to Vatican spokesman Alessandro Gisotti. The Vatican's cooperation with this part of the investigation came as a surprise to Orlandi's sister, Pietro. According to him, when he asked Pope Francis for help in 2013, the only response he received was that his sister was "in heaven." The Orlandi family is determined to continue the search as long as they can, until they can find answers about what happened to Emanuela all those years ago. From holy places to cursed places, some locations just seem to be a magnet for misfortune. Most of us have heard of the Bermuda Triangle, but how about the Bennington Triangle? The term, coined in 1992 during a radio appearance by New England Author Joseph A. Citro, refers to an area in southwestern Vermont in which several people went missing between 1945 and 1950. The name refers to Bennington, Vermont, and Bennington College and draws a deliberate parallel between the disappearances there and the ships that vanished in the Bermuda Triangle. One of the most infamous disappearances that occurred in the Bennington Triangle is that of a young woman named Paula Welden. Paula Welden, 18 years old, was a sophomore at Bennington College, where she lived an ordinary, quiet student life until one brisk winter day on December 1, 1946. After working a double shift at her job in the university's dining hall, she told her roommate, Elizabeth Johnson, that she wanted to go out and take a hike on the Long Trail, a five-mile portion of a 272-mile trail, this section of which runs up Glastenbury Mountain. It was about 2:45 PM, cold out and likely to get colder as the sun set that evening, and Paula was dressed in blue jeans, a red parka with a fur-lined hood, and a pair of Top-Sider sneakers. As she prepared to leave, Paula called out to Johnson: "I'm all through with studies. I'm taking a long walk." Those would be the last words Paula's roommate would ever hear her speak. Shortly after Paula left her room, she was spotted by Danny Fager, the owner of a local gas station across the street from the college. Fifteen minutes later, a local man named Louis Knapp saw a girl in a red parka hitchhiking along Route 67A near the college. Realizing she was likely a Bennington student in need of a ride, he stopped to pick her up. Aside from the red coat and the girl's clumsiness- she tripped on her way into his truck, and he advised her to be careful. She told him she was on her way to hike the Long Trail, and so he dropped her off on Route 9, near the trail's entrance, before pulling into his driveway at home. A few minutes after Knapp dropped Paula off, his daughter went outside, but there was no sign of the hitchhiker. This struck her as odd since the flat Route 9 allowed anyone to see a half-mile in either direction. But Knapp and his daughter were not the last people to see Paula. Just before 4 PM, Paula encountered Ernest Whitman, the owner of a nearby cabin in Bickford Hollow. She reportedly asked him how far she could go on the trail. He replied, "It's four miles to the fork," before warning her that she was dressed too lightly for the Winter weather. Whether she didn't hear him or simply chose not to respond, Paula said nothing and continued along the trail. That was quite possibly the last time anyone ever spoke to Paula Welden. As the afternoon turned to evening, and evening turned to night, Paula's roommate Elizabeth began to wonder what was taking her so long. She brushed off the worry at first, convincing herself that perhaps Paula was having a late night studying somewhere else on campus. But when morning came, and Paula still wasn't back, Elizabeth contacted the College President, Lewis Webster Jones. He phoned Paula's parents and asked them a question that chilled them both to the bone: Had Paula gone home for the weekend? She most certainly had not, and Paula's mother fainted from the shock of the news that her daughter was missing. Paula's father immediately left the Welden home in Connecticut and traveled to Bennington, where he organized a search party that included students from Bennington and Williams College, as well as local members of the community. College President Jones canceled classes to aid in the search, sending groups of 20 along the Long Trail, where they dropped handfuls of confetti to signal to other groups that a given area had already been checked. After a day of searching and no new leads, Mr. Welden called in the New York and Connecticut State Police. At the time, Vermont had no state police force but did have a State Investigator who offered a 5,000 dollar reward for any information on Paula's whereabouts. As the investigation continued, several potential leads surfaced, but they all brought more questions than answers. A waitress in Fall River, Massachusetts, claimed to have served an upset young woman matching Paula's description. She was accompanied by a man around 25 years old, who appeared drunk and angry. Mr. Welden believed that a boyfriend of Paula's must have been responsible for her disappearance, but no conclusive proof could be found. A year after the disappearance, a woman named Mary Welden was spotted at a campground in South Carolina, but after speaking with her on the phone, Mrs. Welden confirmed that she was not her daughter. Nine years after Paula went missing, a lumberjack approached authorities, claiming that he was in Bickford Hollow when Paula vanished and that he knew where her body was buried. The man later admitted to lying. Then, in 1968, a body was finally found, a skeleton buried near where Paula disappeared. However, an examination of the remains determined that they were far too old to belong to Paula. To this day, Paula Welden's disappearance has never been solved. But Paula was not the only victim of the Bennington Triangle. In December 1949, 68-year-old James Tedford vanished from a bus headed to Bennington. He briefly left the bus in Burlington, where he chatted with an old friend, then returned to his journey. When the bus reached Bennington, Tedford's belongings and bus schedule were on it, but he was not. He was never found. In October 1950, 8-year-old Paul Jepson was with his mother at the Bennington town dump when he walked away from their truck. As soon as she noticed his absence, she called the police. Bloodhounds followed the boy's scent to the highway before the trail suddenly went cold in the middle of the road near Glastenbury Mountain. He was never found. Only a few weeks later, Freda Langer, age 53, was camping with her family. She and a cousin went swimming in a stream when Langer left to retrieve dry clothes from the campsite. However, she never reached the campsite. Unlike the other "Bennington Triangle'' disappearances, Langer's body was found seven months later, her cause of death ruled an accidental drowning. And in November 1950, 16-year-old Martha Jeannette Jones was reported missing. She had been missing for a month, but her family had assumed she was at seminary school, and her school assumed she was at home with her family. Over the course of five years, six people vanished near Bennington or Glastenbury. Only one of their bodies was ever found. The rest are still a mystery. People have blamed everything from Bigfoot, to UFO's, to a serial killer, to simply the confusing nature of the Long Trail itself. But it is unlikely we will ever know for sure. Cave diving is regarded as one of the most dangerous underwater hobbies, and it stands to reason that it would come with its fair share of casualties. But rarely do cave divers vanish into the depths without a trace. And yet, that is exactly what happened to Ben McDaniel when he went diving in Vortex Spring Cave on Wednesday, August 18, 2010. Vortex Spring contains the largest diving facility in the state of Florida, where divers of all levels can dive in the upper areas of the water. However, more experienced divers are inclined to explore the cave. Below the spring, there is a 9x12 feet opening to a cavern, which extends to a depth of 115 feet. There, the entrance to the cave can be found, blocked by a steel rebar gate. In order to enter this section, you must show your cave certification to the dive shop, who will lend out a key to the gate. Ben did not have a cave diving certification; the dive shop employees believed that Ben had been forcing the gate open for some time and diving in the cave anyway. However, he had been doing so safely, and they were inclined to allow him to continue. On the day of his disappearance, one of the dive shop employees accompanied Ben down to the gate and opened it for him. He watched Ben proceed into the cave and out of sight, never to be seen again. The dive shop employees left for the night, and the next morning, Ben's truck was still in the parking lot. No one really noticed it at the time, but by Friday, they noticed that the truck was still there, and no one had seen Ben since Wednesday. They sensed that something was very wrong and called the police. The police searched Ben's truck and found his wallet, phone, and dive logs, which included a map of the areas of the cave he had already explored. When the police went by Ben's family beach house, his dog was inside and had not been fed for two days. This was more than enough evidence to suggest that Ben had drowned inside the cave. As word of Ben's disappearance spread through the community, cave divers volunteered to join in the search and what they assumed would be the inevitable recovery of Ben's body. But the case would prove to be far murkier than that. The divers searched the large tunnels and small tunnels to no avail, then began to inspect smaller crevices and fissures, assuming Ben had accidentally wedged himself into a crevice and drowned. However, they found nothing. Well, not nothing. They did find some incredibly confusing evidence in the form of Ben's air tanks, discovered in the outer cavern area and inside of the cave. All three of the tanks discovered contained regular air. This was highly unusual, as at least one of the tanks should have contained a different gas mixture in order to prevent nitrogen narcosis. Because Ben had already investigated so much of the cave, he should have already known better than to dive with tanks full of ordinary air. In fact, he likely would not have survived his previous dives without the particular gas mixture required for cave dives of that depth. After this discovery, with still no sign of Ben's body, the search party reached out to legendary diver Edd Sorenson, a highly skilled cave diver with a specialization in recovery. Edd made three drives, covering 1,700 feet of the cave, at least 200 more feet than Ben had mapped. But in spite of his efforts and his skills, he found nothing. There was nobody there. No more equipment. He even searched for signs of increased fish activity, which could indicate the presence of decaying organic matter, like a corpse, somewhere in the cave. But there was nothing. The lack of evidence extended to the environment itself. There were no markings on the walls or silt disturbances, which would be expected in the event that Ben had squeezed into some of the tighter, more dangerous tunnels. Not only that, but Ben was markedly larger than Edd in both height and weight. Edd suggested that it was highly unlikely that Ben would have been able to make it further into the caves than he had. It just didn't make any sense. Unwilling to accept this lack of closure, Ben's parents financed a remotely operated underwater vehicle, which was used to search the cave. But the vehicle was unable to progress any further than the human divers had. It was beginning to look like Ben wasn't in the cave at all. But if he wasn't in the cave, then where did he go? Police brought in the two divers who saw him the night of his disappearance and questioned them, even giving them a lie detector test out of suspicions that he had drowned the night before, and they had removed his body to avoid attracting attention. However, they passed the test, and the theory was shelved. Some investigators suggested that Ben had washed out through one of the spring's outlets, but police searched the swamps that the spring flowed into and found nothing. They also searched other nearby bodies of water, including Blue Creek, Sandy Creek, and the Choctawhatchee River, but again, nothing was found. The waters were tested for bacteria, which would spike in the event of a decomposing body, but no bacteria increases were detected. Another suggested theory was that Ben had deliberately faked his own disappearance in search of a fresh start. He had experienced financial hardship in the past in the form of significant debts. However, both his parents and girlfriend disputed this, claiming that he had seemed positive and optimistic of late. As years passed and no new evidence surfaced, Ben's parents began to suspect foul play. They hired a private investigator, who looked into the dive shop and its workers. The investigator found that the owner of the shop was facing criminal charges for the assault and kidnapping of a temporary employee who owed him money. However, by the time this was uncovered, the owner had died after falling down a flight of stairs. If something did happen between him and Ben, that story likely died with him. There is still no sign of Ben McDaniel or any indication that there ever will be. Perhaps he is somewhere in the cave, in a deep, dark crevice that no one has been able to uncover yet. Perhaps he faked his death. Perhaps he was murdered in a debt collection gone wrong. We will likely never know the truth. Diving deep beneath the surface of the water can be dangerous, but even aboard the deck of a cruise ship, disaster can still strike. At least, it did for Amy Lynn Bradley in 1998. On March 21 of that year, Amy Lynn, her brother Brad, and their parents Ron and Iva, boarded the ship Rhapsody of the Seas in Puerto Rico. The ship would travel to Aruba, then on to Curacao. On the night of March 23, Amy and her brother went dancing to a live band in the ship's nightclub, before turning in for the night at around 1 AM. That was the last time Brad ever saw his sister. At about 5:30 AM, Ron Bradley looked out at the balcony of the family cabin and saw Amy there. He thought nothing of it, but when he looked back, she was gone. Worried, he went to her room and found that she wasn't there. The family looked all over the ship but could find no sign of Amy. The cruise ship crew refused to page Amy Lynn until the ship was docked at port, afraid of upsetting other passengers. The crew agreed to search common areas but refused to search staff or passenger cabins. Meanwhile, the Bradley family was frantic. It was possible that Amy Lynn had fallen overboard and drowned, but the family insisted this was unlikely. She was a trained lifeguard and known for her strong swimming ability, and no one could find any signs of a body in the water around the ship. Even more concerningly, a witness reported seeing Amy near the dance club at around 6 AM with a man named Alister Douglas, who she had been seen dancing with at the club the night before. He denied this. Though the case was far from closed, the story did not end there. In August of 1998, five months after Amy Lynn's disappearance, two Canadian tourists reported seeing a woman matching her description on the beach. The woman even had the same tattoos. Then, in 1999, a Navy officer met a woman in a brothel in Curacao who asked him for help, telling him that her name was Amy Lynn Bradley. He didn't report it until he saw her face in People magazine. Six years later, a woman claimed to have met Amy Lynn in a department store bathroom in Barbados, where she introduced herself as "Amy from Virginia." In 2005, the Bradleys received an upsetting email from an organization that looks for sex trafficking victims on pornographic websites. The email contained a photo of a woman in her underwear, lying on a bed. The woman appeared to be Amy. To this day, Amy's disappearance remains an ongoing investigation, with the FBI offering an award of up to 25,000 dollars for any information that might lead them to her whereabouts. The disappearances we've covered so far have all been individuals who disappeared while on their own. However, solitude isn't always a prerequisite for a missing persons case. In 2009, all three members of a family disappeared from their home, with no suggestions of where they could have gone. On October 8, 2009, Bobby Dale Jamison, his wife Sherilynn, and their six-year-old daughter Madyson vanished from their home in Eufaula, Oklahoma. A few days later, the police found their pickup truck in Latimer Counter, about an hour's drive from their house. In the truck, the police found IDs, wallets, phones, Sherilynn's purse, their still-alive family dog, and 32,000 dollars in cash. This was especially strange, given that Bobby Dale and Sherilynn were both on disability at the time of their disappearance, and no one knew where they could have gotten their hands on that much money or what they were intending to do with it. More importantly, where had the family gone? There were no clear signs of them being forced out of the car by someone else, but that didn't mean there was no foul play. A search party began to search the woods around the area where the truck was found, but no signs of the family turned up. The case went cold and remained that way until November 16, 2013. Four years after the truck turned up, three miles from where it was found, some hunters discovered the partial skeletal remains of two adults and one child. They were examined, and it was determined that these skeletons belonged to the missing Jamison family. However, due to the advanced state of decomposition, the cause of death was not identifiable. The case was reopened, and even though the police now had bodies to fill in some of the blanks, more questions kept popping up. They discovered security footage from outside of the Jamison family home. In it, the couple was going back and forth between the house and truck, packing their things. The police also discovered that, before their disappearance, Bobby Dale had spoken to his pastor about a fear that the house was haunted. He described "two to four ghosts" on the roof of the home. There were also rumors of a Satanic bible purchased by Sherilynn and claims from Sherilynn's mother, Connie, that the Jamisons had become involved with a cult. This particular theory has never had any evidence to back it up, but other unsettling theories have surfaced over the years. Police discovered an eleven-page letter from Sherilynn to Bobby, in which she was incredibly angry with him over a variety of things. This letter caused them to float the theory that Bobby Dale had driven the family out to the woods and killed his wife and daughter, then himself. However, there was no proof for this theory, and it would not explain the presence of the massive amount of cash found in the truck. Another theory involved Bobby Dale's father, Bob Dean. Bobby Dale had filed an order of protection against his father, citing threats of violence and even murder from him toward the family. However, Bob Dean died two months after the Jamison family disappeared due to a long history of health problems. Jack Jamison, his brother, insisted that Bob Dean had spent the time leading up to the disappearance primarily in hospitals or rest homes and would not have been able to play a part in it. In spite of the abundance of theories, there are still no answers in the case of the Jamison family. Another disappearance involving multiple victims is that of the infamous Fort Worth trio. 17-year-old Rachel Trlica, 14-year-old Renee Wilson, and nine-year-old Julie Ann Mosley, were out doing some last-minute Christmas shopping on December 23, 1974, at Seminary South Mall. At about noon, Rachel parked her car near the Sears, in the east lot. Renee planned to be home by 4 for a Christmas party, while Julie's mother was expecting her by 6. But when both of those times passed, and the girls were not home, their parents became concerned. The car was found still in the lot, locked, with newly purchased items in the backseat. Police theorized that the girls had run away, but their families could think of no reason why they would have done so. The following day, a letter arrived at the home of Rachel and her husband, Tommy. The letter claimed to be from Rachel but curiously was addressed to Thomas A. Trlica, rather than Tommy. Rachel never called him Thomas. The stamp on the envelope had been canceled, and the ZIP code of the cancellation was blurred. The letter read: “I know I’m going to catch it, but we just had to get away. We’re going to Houston. See you in about a week. The car is in Sear’s upper lot. Love Rachel.” The FBI analysis of the handwriting was inconclusive, but Tommy insisted that Rachel did not write the letter. One week later, the girls had not returned in spite of the letter's promise. Six weeks after the disappearance, Julie's mother received a phone call from an unidentified girl who called her "Mama." She believed this was her missing daughter. In spite of decades of searching and false hope in the form of human remains later determined not to belong to the trio, their fate is still unknown. The truth can be horrifying, but as we see time and time again, the unknown is often even scarier. And to wrap up the proceedings, we have a disturbing story of a disappearance that would forever change how we respond to disappearances like this - The heartwrenching case of eight-year-old Cherrie Mahan, who disappeared in 1985 after getting off the school bus, just fifty feet from her rural Pennsylvania home. When Mahan disembarked from the bus at 4:10 PM on February 22nd, 1985, she waved goodbye to her friends who were being picked up by one of their mothers, and was last seen by a bystander heading back in the direction of her home. The closest the police had to a lead on her possible kidnapper was an old van with a mural of a skier on a snow-capped mountain painted on the side. Despite an extensive search and an almost 40,000 dollar reward, Mahan was never found. She was declared legally dead in 1998, despite the police never discovering a body. What does the disappearance of Cherrie Maham mark such a shift in missing people? Her photo was the first one to be featured in a poster campaign featuring the words, “Have You Seen Me?” a new iconic and infamous style of poster, especially for missing children. In 2011, Pennsylvania State Police Officer Robert McGraw said, “I believe Cherrie was abducted by someone she knows very well, and I believe this person had the ability to basically lure Cherrie [into] their vehicle without her giving it a second thought prior to her disappearance ... I can't imagine if that was my child. I can't imagine the pain her mother must wake up with every day." And we know this is true. In 2019, Cherrie’s mother, Janice McKinney, was quoted saying, “I just wish someone would come forth and tell me what happened. That's all I pray for, all the time, is just to know." This very lack of closure is why the pain and fascination behind cases like these can endure, even decades after the victims first vanish without a trace. Now check out “Employee Missing for 10 Years Found Inside Supermarket.” Or watch this instead!
By wassim mem2 years ago in Horror
What Really Happens to Your Muscles During a Workout
Absolutely! Starting a workout routine is a great step towards improving your health and fitness. Great job! But just what happens to our muscles when we work out, especially during strength-based training? And what happens to our bodies as we build muscle mass? Can testosterone really help build muscle mass? And will some warm-up stretches actually HURT your muscles more than help? Fear not, fellow gym-goers, as we have the answers. Today on The Infographics Show, we’re answering the question: “What Really Happens to Your Muscles During a Workout.” Let’s start with the basics: Muscles 101. The human body has three types of muscles: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. The cardiac muscle makes up the heart’s wall, responsible for the heart’s contractions. This is how we have blood pumping through it. Smooth muscles form the wall of the intestine, uterus, blood vessels, and internal muscles of the eye. Right now, we’re focusing on the third type of muscle, the skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscles make up the majority of your muscles, and they’re around 30 to 40% of your total body mass, so it goes without saying that it’s important to take good care of them if you want to live a healthy and happy life. Skeletal muscles are attached to your bone by tendons, which are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue. And if you break one, hoo boy, you’re gonna have a bad time. You’ve probably heard trainers or exercise enthusiasts talk about shoulder muscles, hamstrings, and abdominal muscles. All of those are skeletal muscles. They’re composed of thread-like myofibrils and sarcomeres that come together as muscle fiber. Motor neurons communicate to your muscles when to contract, and the better those signals are at telling the muscles to contract, the stronger a person can get. And there are a lot of skeletal muscles in the body. There are at least over 650 named skeletal muscles, although that number may even go up to 840. Why is it so unclear? Well, the dissension comes from how to count complex muscles. The biceps brachii is one of those complex muscles that’s difficult to categorize. It has two heads and two different origins, but they are insert on the radial tuberosity. Therefore, doctors and scientists argue whether to count it as one muscle or two. The science of good exercise can be surprisingly complex in that way. When you exercise, you’re forcing your muscle fibers to contract and stretch repeatedly. Muscle contraction is when the muscles tighten, shorten, and lengthen during physical activity. It can happen when you do something as simple as pick something up or stretch. After the muscle contracts, it returns to its normal state of muscle relaxation. When your muscles contract, they offer stability for your joints and connective tissue. Sometimes, your muscles will contract involuntarily. Our body needs our muscles to contract in order to be able to move. It also produces heat to maintain your body temperature, hence why you heat up so much during exercise. Did you know that around 40% of your body’s temperature converts into muscle movement? One prime example is that, whenever someone feels cold, they might shiver. It’s your body’s way of activating your skeletal muscles to help warm you up. Your muscles also help you maintain your posture, which can be as simple as standing up or sitting down. Your muscles do a lot in day-to-day life, so what are they doing when you hit the bench press or elliptical? First, let’s talk about the different ways that muscles contract. The first is isometric or stationary contraction. The muscle contracts, but the length doesn’t change, and it doesn’t really go anywhere. During isometric exercises, the joint also doesn’t move. It can be used to help build strength, but it’s not the most efficient way to go about it. Two examples of isometric exercises would be a leg lift or plank. Since you don’t move during these exercises, it will only improve your muscle strength in that one position. The second is concentric, which is when the muscle gets shorter. It’s the one we’re most used to. One example of a concentric contraction is the upward movement you would perform during a bicep curl. The third is eccentric, where the muscle gets longer as tension is produced, like when you’re lowering your arm during a bicep curl. When your muscle contracts during a workout, it causes tiny tears within the muscle fibers. The size of these tiny tears in the muscle varies based on the intensity of your workout. That’s what causes that sore feeling after you’re worked out. Your body is getting to work repairing those muscles. If this is causing you to freak out about your exercise habits, don’t panic about tearing your muscles! These tears are absolutely normal and are essential to building muscle. It’s only a problem if you over-exercise. Over-exertion can lead to much larger tears and injuries like muscle strain. The duration and intensity influence the effect it has on your body. Endurance training can make your muscles stronger and less likely to wear out. That means focusing on things like running or cycling. It can help enlarge your heart for better blood flow, too! It can help you increase lung capacity, improve your metabolism, and buff your coordination. That being said, if you’re looking to build muscle through aerobic exercise or cardio, you’re barking up the wrong tree. For those of you hitting the gym who want to build up your muscles, look for a sign that says “strength training,” that’s where you need to go. It’s strength training that will help lead to muscle building if that’s your health goal. If you can’t afford to head to the gym, you can easily do this alone and in the comfort of your home. All you need is repetitive resistance exercises. You can use weights, resistance bands, or even your own body weight. You’ll be able to force your muscle to contract and increase the contractile filaments within your muscle. Sometimes, you can even use certain forms of swimming to help build muscle, as long as it involves resistance against the water. Your muscle size will increase if you continue to challenge your muscles to deal with higher levels of resistance or weight. This is known as muscle hypertrophy, which occurs when the fibers of muscles sustain damage or injury. It can help improve muscle endurance, build muscle mass, burn fat, and build strength. As the body repairs the damage, it increases the mass and size of the muscle. This might be the one time your doctor will recommend tearing something. Just be sure not to go overboard with it. Hormones, like testosterone, can also stimulate muscle growth. They can improve how the body processes proteins, stimulate anabolic hormones, and activate satellite cells, a type of stem cell that helps muscle development. Strength and resistance training can help with the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. It can also stimulate testosterone release, which will encourage muscle growth, and it improves the sensitivity of the muscles to testosterone. Once you finish exercising and cool down, your body will return to homeostasis. The amount of time you’ll need to recover will depend on how intense and how long your workout is. It can also be impacted by your underlying physical fitness or how accustomed your body is to exercise. On top of all that, a working knowledge of satellite cells is important for discussing what happens to muscles during exercise. So, let’s look a little deeper into just what satellite cells are. Satellite cells are myogenic stem cells that help with muscle regeneration. They’re located between the external lamina and sarcolemma, the transparent tubular sheath around the fibers of the skeletal muscles. We talked about creating tears in the muscles while working out, but what happens after that? It’s the satellite cells that repair those tears in the muscles. They replicate, mature, and fuse to your damaged muscle fibers. This allows them to form a new muscle protein strand. During this process, your muscles will increase in size and strength. But is the process created equal across all people? A study revealed that there are moderate responders and extreme responders when it comes to muscle growth. Modest responders with about 28% muscle growth were found to have about 19% activation in their satellite cells. Extreme responders who saw 58% myofiber hypertrophy had 23% activation in their satellite cells. In the study, there was also a group of people who were labeled as “non-responders” who had 0% growth and 0% activation in their satellite cells. But how do you get these satellite cells to activate so that you’ll increase your muscle growth? That’s where muscle tension, muscle damage, and metabolic stress occur. Muscle tension can be the act of lifting progressively heavier weights. The tension helps change the chemistry of the muscle, which helps along the process of activating the satellite cells. Muscle damage releases inflammatory molecules and immune system cells. Those are what help activate the satellite cells. You’ll know you’ve had metabolic stress if you’ve ever felt a burning sensation after an exercise. Metabolic stress causes cell swelling around the muscle. This contributes to muscle growth, but it won’t necessarily increase the size of your muscle cells. This is known as sarcoplasmic hypertrophy. While it can make your muscles look larger, it won’t necessarily increase your actual strength. It’ll be all looks and no substance. After a workout, one of the best things you can do is allow your muscles to recover. But what can you do to help further along your recovery time? Rest up, of course! You’ll want to get more sleep, for starters. Your heart will have a chance to rest as you sleep. This gives the cells time to grow and muscles to repair. So maybe try getting a bit more sleep after a workout, especially an intense one. Make sure you eat well. You may have heard from a doctor or personal trainer how important a balanced diet is to your health and longevity, and they weren’t lying. Eating well is the key to muscle recovery. Protein helps rebuild muscle fibers, while carbohydrates restore depleted glycogen levels. Glycogen is a form of glucose. Glucose is one of the main sources of energy for your body. When your body doesn’t need to use the glucose you’re eating immediately, it’ll store it in your muscles and liver. So, while there is a lot of hype around low-carb diets, your body needs carbohydrates to help you form glucose and glycogen. The process of your body turning glucose into glycogen is known as glycogenesis. Doctors recommend a diet rich in antioxidants, complex carbohydrates, and lean protein to help build muscle. These can help make the right changes to your body between workouts and give it the strength it needs to keep improving. Staying hydrated will also help with muscle repair, especially during hot weather or in a sweaty environment like a gym. Your body will lose a lot of water through your sweat and breathing. If you’re dehydrated, your muscles won’t be able to repair themselves as efficiently. That’s why you’ll need plenty of drinking water. Even minor dehydration can have a negative impact on muscle performance and function. If your muscles are dehydrated, you increase the risk of injury. You need to hydrate so that your muscles are lubricated. When they aren't lubricated, they’re not able to contract properly. Dry muscles can make you feel fatigued, too. And it doesn’t just impact your athletic performance, but it can negatively impact your regular everyday movements as well. There are several signs that your body gives you that you’re dehydrated. A dry mouth, lips, or eyes can indicate you haven’t been getting enough water. Headaches, feeling tired, and dry skin are also signs of dehydration. Prolonged dehydration is particularly worrisome. If you notice the signs of severe dehydration, you’ll want to find medical help. This can include hot, red, dry skin, nausea, seizures, loss of cognitive abilities, hallucinations, dizziness, loss of consciousness, lack of sweating, and a body temperature higher than 103 degrees. It can potentially help to drink tart cherry juice. Tart cherry juice has a lot of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory polyphenol compounds. It helps lessen pain, and it quickens strength recovery. Not all studies agree that cherry juice helps as much as some research suggests, but if you do enjoy drinking cherry juice, it might still be nice to incorporate it into your routine. Just make sure to drink plenty of water along with it. If cherry juice isn’t for you, you can feel secure knowing that drinking water is just fine. Hydration is the ultimate goal to help with recovery! If you had an intense workout, you might want to give yourself a few days to recover and let your muscles heal as well. If you work out daily, it might be best to start with light workouts as you build your muscle strength. If you’re feeling sore after a workout, you can do quite a few things to help relieve the discomfort. Make sure you always stretch before and after a workout. Stretching before your workout will help reduce the risk of injury and may help reduce soreness afterward. It’ll help your muscles loosen up and increase your range of motion while working out. When you stretch after your workout, you’re engaging in maintenance stretches. It’ll decrease soreness, move lactic acid out of your muscles, and help your blood flow return to normal. All of this aids your body in recovery, and it can help lessen how sore you feel after. However, an important note you may not have known about is that dynamic stretches are the most effective - These are stretches that entail compound movements, otherwise known as keeping yourself mobile while you stretch. Think lunges, air-squats, and hip circles. Static stretching - Just stretching out your body parts while standing still - has actually been proven to have negative effects on the body. Experts have discovered that it can lead to fatigue and even muscle damage if overused. But let’s say you have damaged your muscles and want to get better. How would you go about doing that, you’re probably wondering? Low-intensity and low-impact exercise that encourages blood flow can also help in muscle recovery. Dr. Nicole Belkin, an orthopedic surgeon at New York-Presbyterian at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, states, “If you’re feeling fatigued from strength training, engage in a lower intensity cardiovascular bike ride or walk, which enables your body to circulate waste products caused by the rigorous activity.” Something as simple as yoga can be used to help in muscle recovery. Aside from rest, hydration, and stretching, there are a few things you can do to help with soreness. Ice can help reduce inflammation, or heat can be used to increase blood flow to your muscles. This can be just taking a warm shower or bath. Some people enjoy taking Epsom salt baths to help relax muscles and loosen joints. Studies on Epsom salt haven’t proven it can help, but it also doesn’t hurt. So, if you enjoy a nice warm Epsom salt bath, let yourself enjoy it. At the very least, the warm water should help soothe your sore muscles. But, at the end of the day, the best thing for your body after a workout, easy or intense, is to just let yourself rest and drink plenty of water. As exercise stops and we enter the cool-down period, our bodies gradually return to homeostasis, and normal operation is resumed. Recovery time depends on the intensity, type, and duration of exercise as well as your underlying physical fitness. It can also be dependent on age. Children, teenagers, and older adults often require more post-workout recovery than young or middle-aged adults. People new to exercising or just out of shape in general may also need more time to recover from working out. They may even want to engage in passive recovery to repair their muscles and rebuild energy, like sleeping and drinking plenty of water. However, just because you're fit doesn’t mean you won’t need plenty of recovery time. If you’re used to more intense workouts, you’ll need to let your body rest and recover from them. For example, let’s say you go to the gym four or five days a week. If you’re mixing high-intensity workouts, cross-training routines, and active recovery days, you’ll most definitely want to take two to three days off to really recover. Regardless of who you are or where you are in your health journey, rest is as important as training itself, as this is where muscles are rebuilt and grow back bigger. Pushing yourself may be important to achieve your goals, but pushing too far will have the opposite effect. Recovery looks different for everyone, so be sure to show yourself kindness as well. For someone who is an elite marathon runner, they may be able to engage with a 4 or 5-mile run as an active recovery workout. Someone who isn’t as experienced may want to focus on something less strenuous, like a 20-minute cycling or jogging session. If you liked this episode, be sure to watch What Happens to Your Body When You Start Exercising and Why Do You Have Pain Here When You Run
By wassim mem2 years ago in Humans
What Happens to Your Body if You Get Too High
When THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, enters your brain, it interacts with specific receptors called cannabinoid receptors. These receptors are part of a larger system known as the endocannabinoid system, which plays a role in regulating various physiological processes.
By wassim mem2 years ago in Humans
Killer Realizes Police Discovered His Horrifying Secret
It sounds like you're describing a situation with strong sensory and emotional elements"First smell like gas and it smell like v’s”.On May 22nd 2019 police and Sturgis Michigan listen to an anonymous 911 caller read them an address inside this home the caller explained they would find the missing 42-year-old Kelly Jean Warner Miller little did authorities know that single phone call would launched the most shocking investigation of their careers one that required uncovering Secret After haunting secret all buried within an exceptionally twisted and sadistic mind the following footage has never been seen before when Kelly Jean known as KJ went missing in April 2019 no red flags went up the no frantic phone calls to 911 and no weary search parties but it wasn't because KJ wasn't loved the trouble was that her lifestyle was transient she was estranged from her family and had untreated mental health struggles this meant that sometimes long periods of absence were the norm for KJ so when police received a 911 call sending them to an address to look for her and officers found themselves standing on the doorstep of an ordinary looking apartment it was hard to believe the call was even real after all this wasn't the kind of thing one saw in the small town of Sturgis Michigan but there was only one way to find out just said inside on the [Applause] left hi Wade hey Wade how you doing man hey how you doing doing good I remember you're from the speedway what you up to now not much answering the door is 35-year-old Wade Allen um we're looking for Kimberly Kelly or Kelly she you know Kelly Kimberly or Kelly from the shelter maybe KJ KJ yeah at first Wade seems confused and for good reason it's close to midnight and he's been startled awake by several armed officers knocking on his door Wade recently came to live in this apartment after a period of homelessness and KJ was an acquaintance from a shelter he frequented in Kalamazoo oh I don't know I haven't heard from that person in some months do you know her I I haven't heard from her in a while the last time I've seen her is couple months and last I heard she's in zoo I think the best way for me to help you get a hold of her is through the shelter the Eerie atmosphere is palpable with a call like this officers can't simply take Wade's words as fact they need to confirm what if anything is behind his front dorm well we just need to talk to her oh do you mind if we come and look see if she make sure she's not here I can tell you she's not I mean you know uh according to wait he and KJ had lost touch recently after she suddenly stopped responding to his Facebook messages as far as here I don't like just my my place is mess and I don't like just people coming and going all the time we don't care we see all sorts of apartments and homes and well um all we got to do is verify she's not here and then we can get out of here and be done with it I don't know I I feel if you um if you guys want to come by another time just not right now let me at least have a day where I can clean up and do things okay well here here's the deal Wade um we got get a search warrant we will all right we don't want to go that route I know um that's a lot of work for all of us including you so um if we got to do that we're going to have to detain you and put you in the car for a little while all right till we get that search warrant it'll take a couple flowers if she's in there can you just have her come out and say I'm I'm fine well she's not though that's the thing like I mean I can open up and I'll say hey KJ Kelly and there's no Kelly or KJ you might advice to stand here and look in you can I mean I don't have her here okay eventually Wade agrees to let one officer one he's met in the past search his apartment just one of you then one of us is one of us is fine you want to come in I'll go in Wade thank you I know you know me and enough like yeah I just it's not much but I don't have I mean I got my friend sunglasses here but not much of anything and then I got all this this my my bedroom you see now here I I had her suitcase from when she was here just me and if I do have a guest I have a bed as Wade guides the officers through his home nothing in particular is jumping out but just as it seems the search is coming to a close one thing catches the officer's eye I don't have anyone here okay I just myself what's in the cooler oh that's for when the the summer comes around I'm going to have parties and stuff so all right no problem can you open that for me and then we'll get out of here well not right right now I can't like I mean I want to save that for later okay for when the summer gets here so but I told you she hasn't been here in forever okay why don't you don't why don't you just open that cooler and we'll get out of here I just want to make sure anywhere that she's she could be hiding she's not going to be hiding well I okay I just need to know that okay no I mean I can help you out there but I've shown you everything okay Wade seems eager to end the search and get back to bed but his strangely evasive behavior is only working against him all right you you want to open that cooler for me well can you open the fridge for me make sure she's not hiding in there there's no point in the fridge either like I mean it's just food and stuff I understand all right why don't you throw your shoes on real quick well I I helped you out I show you did partially but you have shoes you can throw on real quick a little bit uh but here I'll help you out now okay I'll help you out go on out well I got you're you're detained right now okay go on out I'm detained you're detained right walk out as the walls seem to close in on Wade he's forced to make a decision he can stick to his guns or prove to the police that they really have nothing to worry about you said let you're not going to get them on now I'm giving the opportunity to walk out there do it now you got anything illegal on you no I don't okay put your hands behind your back knife or anything like that no okay let you turn around against the wall real slowly being the T I'm just just want the opportunity to look the rest of the way through the apartment okay well I I showed you everything here let me do you want to show me I I I will I showed you everything you why don't you walk back in there and show me then but I did you see can I look in that fridge yeah okay it's something okay I see she's not in there what she want to be in the fridge I understand that but we got to look we found people in some crazy places with no sign of KJ Wade makes no attempt to hide his frustration with police she want to have to hide oh I I don't know her I don't know anything about her I don't know if she's hiding from the law or hiding from her family or or what she's doing so I think she would I just want to verify okay can of look at that cooler over there um that that's kind of like I said later on in summer stuff but I'm trying to keep my stuff kind of private you know well that's fine all I want to do is open it say KJ you in there and then close it right back up and I'll get out of here you'll be out of handcuffs and we'll be gone well let's have a warrant for the rest of this and I'll just get detained I just I don't understand why all this seemingly confused at the invad of his personal space Wade agrees to wait it out while officers request a search warrant why don't you just have a seat right there well do you mind if I wait out here I mean no we're gonna I got to hpe up search warrant but at this point I'm suspicious that she is uh in there why so you because you won't let me look in that cooler any other big boxes in there I didn't see anything else I need to look through but a big cooler you know I have no idea what size she is if she's a little person you could probably put two of her in that cooler that cooler was that big so basically I I'll make sure she's not hidden in there it took you a little while to answer your door so I don't know if she was the reason why I took a while is because I had to get dress okay and I yeah I understand that if you were in bed yeah um but in the meantime you could have been telling somebody to go hide in the cooler I don't know she's not in trouble we just have a job to do as officers repeat ly ask way to wait in the cruiser he does everything he can think of to avoid the back seat I I actually like to stay out here at well you can't sit right here if that's okay you can sit long ways across seat but you got to get all the way in you want to put your back towards the other door you can or whatever is more comfortable for you once Wade finally gets settled officers catch up a few feet away and they're quick to voice concerns oh he was trying to scare me away cooler that's in the corner of it's a big huge GRE got Bo meanwhile a somewhat Cooperative weight is still squirming in the back of the squad [Music] car feel claustrophobic okay I really am all right we'll head back there okay and put you I I'm really feeling sorry for Co right now okay well we could end this all you could take me in there and let me look around more or we can I got to take you back and put you in a Cell while I'm doing the search warrant so all right well let me let me go back then as Wade silently leads the officer back to his apartment a strange energy hangs heavy in the air all I'm concerned about is any closets or any coolers like I said just in here much okay you can can I pop it open just take a peek Well yeah if you want okay why don't you step back for a second okay what's in there just stuff okay all right all right let's head out here head out head out here yep yep everything's good I show you everything yep you're under arrest okay under arrest yes you are all right got get the crime task force out here can I have a soda please um just keep walking once outside and back in the patrol car Wade seems eager to fill the silence situation happened and yeah yep probably best way something now the officers already seemed to have an idea that something horrible happened in that apartment but they couldn't yet know just how twisted things will get by the end of this disturbing case I am currently sitting on the car with a guy in the back seat who has done something bad as some of the officers begin searching the apartment others transport way to the station and settle in for a long night doing their best to put him at ease whatever happened they need to know the full story when he does start to talk the story he has to tell is only a small piece of the truth and what really happened to KJ is far more disturbing than anyone could have ever imagined we got some homemade cookies in there that are really good you want a couple cookies pass on that you want a couple of them or yeah I'm a GU like okay all right we we will uh get you hooked up all right man here's some cookies I can get started on those soon the detective arrives while Wade insinuated earlier that KJ was merely a distant friend it's not long before that story changes and I think it goes back to like 2013 or thir okay and we started being friends but we started probably dating sometime after that so would it be fair to say that you've known Kelly Jean since 2013 and I've known her before that but that was that was just when she added me on Facebook recently according to Wade he even lived with KJ in his current apartment all right waade so what I would like to know from you is in your own words what happened to Kell jeene I know she's been through a lot and might take a little bit to but there's a lot please take your time I have nowhere else to be so I will bear with you officer wi will bear with you absolutely if you need a tissue there's plenty of tissues there earlier the search of Wade's apartment revealed some chilling discoveries so there's a rope there's a bungee cords we got the trash bag some type of rhyth like a female belt girl shoes those green ones what it looks like I'll start with saying that she's high for glass C okay all right so her eating levels are important she has to have a certain amount of sugars or whatever I only bring that to attention because I know at one point while she was making the stere She fainted and really hurt her head and it really concerned to me CU a little after that I started seeing impairment issues other speech memory things like that I was concerned how long ago would you say that was now this could I mean right here you seeing this for um that incident had to have happened and Mar okay so it's been a little bit ago I when she fell would did she become unconscious did she knock herself out did she just kind of stun herself did she she UNC for okay about how long would you say a little bit would be well I would say 5 to 10 minutes even though that might seem like a little bit to me that's a long time for some to be unconscious and as Wade tells it KJ symptoms lean ered in the days after her fall and they weren't subtle she had no memory of what happened and she struggled to carry out daily functions that weren't a challenge for her before though KJ did suffer from these symptoms what Wade is saying happened isn't the full story and what really happened to her is far more disturbing than just a fall then I was trying to take care of her Wade isn't the only person police spoke to they also asked his neighbor Sher who lived right next door to come to the station answer some questions and hopefully shed some light on what really happened to KJ according to Sherry she and Wade had a cordial relationship occasionally spending evenings watching TV together in her apartment but Wade made a comment about KJ that left Sherry feeling concern also he told me that she had fallen in the bathroom and that he thought she might have a skull fracture mhm and I said well you need to take her to the emergency room he goes was um I'm taking care of her this development immediately put officers on high alert in the story he told officers Wade explained KJ fell in the kitchen while making cereal in this version Wade said she fell in the bathroom this is only the first of many red flags in this story she wasn't able to feed her and that really concerned me I did my best to try to feed her one time I I I came I saw her sitting on the tub and I try to figure this meal one of these freezer dinners I have a bunch of those and um it was chilly and she was just kind of like holding it like this and she just moving so slow and there was just chilly all over her Wade explained that KJ even struggled to drink water at times despite his attempts to help her did you try to get some medical treatment for her see what was going on anything like that I didn't take her no I I didn't know if she could move or get around what do you mean by that she just wasn't walking all that like I said her Motors still were not good I did start talking to her casew worker about how she might need a adult foster care you know cuz before even that there was issues of bladder control problems like on my bed I got a big old yellow stand for where she beat on that like I have she had issues with bladder control Sherry Wade's neighbor had more to share over time she'd grown to feel extremely uneasy in his company it wasn't long before an eerie and unprompted confession validated her strange feelings about Wade from here the story takes an even darker turn suggesting that what police know about Wade so far barely scratches the surface uh he told me that he hit women he told you that he hit women yeah and that he was working on it because I've been through domestic violence and I told him you you can't do that you know I said you can go to jail for that he goes I know I'm working on it after Wade's comments Sher remained friendly but guarded and she decided to ease off of their visits I thought I I don't want him in my house because he could do anything right within two weeks of KJ's supposed fall Wade claims that something terrible happened keep in mind that he knows the officers are working their way through his apartment and he knows what they're going to find he's setting himself up with a story he thinks will explain a way the stomach churning evidence I want I fig she'd be okay in a bathtub just take a bath so I stored the water for I thought she'd be okay if she was laying down not standing up I would have to watch over she wouldn't fall yeah right so I see morning she was breathing and I just what really shocked me is when I saw her feet that means that she started with hot water and I don't know didn't have the strength to turn a knob or I don't I can't understand why she didn't turn it or adjust it or and I don't know if that was the cause death is is hot water or if or if maybe she try to get up and fell or something I I don't know that's I seriously do want to know what to car the de was because I really don't know with this claim Wade has confirmed that KJ isn't missing she's dead when you left the bathroom how was she positioned she was laying in t Okay okay so this is where I don't see anything on the outside of the fridge Ed a naked eye see thing underneath oh my gosh and did you go back in there I went to sleep you went to sleep I thought she would be okay authorities struggle to understand Wade's logic in what world would someone leave a person who was in capable of eating drinking or moving around without help alone in a tub full of water there's one very good reason for this Wade isn't telling them the truth while on a break in the back room officers wrestle with ideas about what's really going on this guy like not all there he's he's not all there we thought we like I figured that you can choke him up pretty easy but he's either really good or he's just I don't think he's I don't think he's all there as the police will soon learn learn it isn't that Wade is out of his mind rather he's attempting to manipulate them in order to hide the truth of what really happened to KJ but the horrors uncovered back at his apartment will reveal an entirely different version of events so your cast off something's right there cuz that's see over here way down see yeah look like it hit pretty level it's almost like it's all the way across when the officers interviewing Wade return to speak with him they press him further hoping to get a story that makes sense what Wade soon tells them is chilling and then when did you go back into the bathtub or the bathroom I'm sorry not till morning when I woke up and realized she wasn't in bed with me was the water still running or was was the water off uh water was off so she had to have turned it at some point had to was her head above water or below water water below water okay what happened at that point did you call 911 did you call anybody at all if KJ's death was truly an accident it's hard to Fathom why Wade wouldn't immediately call for help Wade has also just lied to police or at the very least he's leaving something integral out of this story given the 911 call reporting KJ's death Wade had to have told someone about KJ's death he had her in the bathtu for a little while and I don't think he's going to be very Cooperative with you okay well so most people are it turns out that Wade had no question in his mind about the identity of the mysterious caller who reported him to the authorities I only had one friend which probably made the call and I'm not going to be upset with him he probably got to a point where his cons got to him do and Wade was right the caller was his own best friend Steven Ryan Russ Wade explained that after everything had happened his only way to cope with KJ's death was to tell someone so he confided in Steven but what he told him was so disturbing that Steven couldn't keep it to himself when police bring Steven in for questioning it's clear from the start he has reservations about speaking up is this going to be in court this possibly be used in court yeah so w going to know about this he already does all right so the whole case came to lights when we central dispatch got a call regarding Wade and KJ do you know about that call yes I did did you place that call to Central Dispatch yes I did and what was that call in reference to um my family was getting very scared of him and it was to the point that they couldn't even sleep so I had to do something Steven continues explaining the series of Facebook messages that turned his world upside down he said um that he did something and that he can't talk to anyone about it and I was like well I'm your brother you can talk to me according to Steven Wade then explained that k had passed away unexpectedly and he didn't report her death to the police he wanted us to help him move the body with the car and we both told him no that we can't do that and I was like you know you're one of my closest friends and I'll keep your secret for you but obviously I couldn't in interrogation Wade tries to explain his choice to hide KJ's death hoping to ease detective suspicions it's hard to feel like I can be honest if I feel like I I go through scenarios all the time where I'm accused and well I can tell you we're not here making any accusation we're just here to it's hard to try figure out what happened I I didn't do the right action I probably should have reported I should have done something's right and I I just felt like whatever I would have said would have just been taken the wrong way or said the wrong way and by now Wade knew he was in trouble KJ's body was still in his apartment and he needed it gone Steven eventually paid him a visit and things only got worse he's asked me if I wanted to see the body and I told him no I really didn't want anything to do with it I didn't even want to be in there it felt like there was an elephant sitting on the chest when asked why Wade would keep KJ's body in the apartment Steven gave an answer that only hinted at the truth um my guess is because he didn't have the means of getting rid of I treat it like I was guilty of the situation I iig no matter what best I'll do is I want to give her a proper burial Wade's desire to give KJ a proper burial is chilling and his next comments stir up the Eerie feeling that Wade desires some sort of control a theme that will service again soon as disturbing as this story is it's only the beginning of the sickening Revelations because Wade still isn't telling the full story at least wherever I'll put her I would visit her I wouldn't want her to have like nobody visit her you know I mean I don't know what I don't know what you guys would do with her now but if I could know where she was buried i' would like to go brand new yeah got some paper stuff I want to look so the police then question Wade about what happened after he claims he found KJ dead and he launches into a truly sickening timeline but no matter how shocking his Revelations seem they pale in comparison to what's to come when the truth is revealed so let's get back to our our sequence of what how things kind of played out and and what happened so wake up in the morning she's in B she's not breathing what what transpired from there well it's not pretty I'll say that seeing things that I can't un see but okay so I it took me a while to get some coolers in the process of that I would run cold water on her until I got some clu cuz I was like I mean you have a lot of detective shows right sure so tell you if you keep the body cold or something maybe it preserve it I don't know maybe I'm ignorant in what I'm thinking but that's TV right M I've seen the whole decompensation process and because I would come in I would come in and check on her and I know she's pass so I still talk to her okay which makes great I definitely don't think that it's something that makes you crazy I mean it's no different than someone who goes to a graide and talks to one of their loved ones who's best first couple days she's movable right right then after that you see like the blood kind of settle where she was laying at mhm after that that's when I start seeing like black around her fingertips and 're gr and W and right then she was pretty stiff for a good while because when she was laying in the tub she kind of laid like against the wall I think or something but even after a while the stiffness faded away and she just kind of you know laid on her shoulder now Wade was in a pickle with a decomposing body in his bathtub and with Steven's refusal to help him move move it it was only a matter of time until someone caught on so he hatched a plan on April 12th around 6 days after KJ's death Wade saved up the money to buy a large cooler air freshener and 30 gallon trash bags so what happened at that point you said that you bought one and then realized you needed a second what what do you mean by that I wanted to put her all in one so she could be whole and like really move her in any kind of way to keep her hold nothing I could do keep her remain cold that's where I really good so is it a blood bath in there what happened at that point oh when I had to get the second coer I I had to put our legs in that one I'm not going that was the grossest thing ever I guess help me understand how she was in one and her legs run another I I I had to cut her leg so I could okay when you say that you mean that her body was too big for the first cord she couldn't fit her in the first cord and was she too stiff to be able to move her around to put her in the CT if I could move her I would have had her like KN up to her chest or something could when Wade couldn't fit KJ's body into one large cooler he decided dismemberment was his only option but he didn't exactly keep a look profile instead he asked to borrow a saw from his neighbor Sherry not an unusual request if it weren't for his bizarre explanation according to Sherry Wade claimed he needed the tool to cut his mattress in half when he wasn't able to use someone else's saw he purchased his Zone from a local supermarket and then got to work where did you cut for your legs at this is the most disgusting thing ever hopefully you never have to see something like this in your life ever all right so here and then here I started here but then I realized her knees were still over to the edge mhm so I had to go here too what I would have wanted to do except she was too heavy for me is take her under the shower get a wash her off because after she passed on she cracked herself was like man I didn't even know that until I got into the police working their way through Wade's apartment eventually confronted the sickening Discovery hidden in his cooler now remember when we open this this is something that we're not ever going to be able to M oh yeah her head her arms her breast she's been gone for a while y see her legs are detached and it's above the knee yep bugs have made their way in yep there's a large amount of definitely a female appears to be Caucasian naked no clothes okay oh yeah and cut up nice okay now stink will so there's a lot more evidence in here somewhere yeah now it does the officers of only discovered part of what they believe to be KJ's body but it won't be long before they find the rest picture of that so that's where it is okay so we going to move this right in front of the suitcase so this cooler is what we think might have the other parts in it I will lift it up it is tied in a knot up here I will cut right here yep those are our legs I saw some toes and an ankle you're able to open that up yeah there's two of them in there okay it's appar the best place to puke from his apartment authorities also collected clear safety goggles rubber gloves and several small items including bungee cords a black belt and a white ribbon this white ribbon a seemingly innocuous Discovery compared to the horrors already uncovered would turn out to be a clue to the stomach churning truth of what really happened to KJ was there head attached yeah coer she's yeah basically been down with that that's all I seen was her arm and part of her chest I shut it through the femur authorities shift Focus to the saw which wasn't recovered from Wade's apartment during the initial search Wade says that shortly after he dismembered KJ's body he contacted a friend he knew through the local shelter system to negotiate a trade a saw for a DVD player was there a reason that you got rid of it or just had it you didn't really need it or mean how did that whole thing play out with go he needed it and I needed a DVD player while Wade describes trading the saw as a casual serendipitous event police catch up with a man who received the saw and he describes an entirely different scenario like he really was wanting to give it to me I'm like we'll just wait till I bring you the DVD cuz I don't like doing deals where you know owe somebody cuz then I got on the back of my mind constantly have to you know I owe him so I was like just wait like no no you're just taking out what did you say that he was insisting that you take the saw pretty much yes he was insisting cuz I even said no not right now did you notice anything about the saw that was weird different looking at the in the you can see like an insation it look like a chunk of something in there DNA testing of the saw blade did reveal the possibility of blood present although further details could not be confirmed I mean I'm not proud of anything at all sure but stuff happens and we just trying to get not how this should be I kept saying it where like this is not how you should have went this upon reflection Bill explained this wasn't the the only thing that seemed off when he was around Wade and then when you heard about Wade getting arrested what was the first thought in your mind I didn't believe it I'm like cuz I've been hanging out with him I freaked out cuz I was sitting on the cooler and I didn't know I smelled like you know now I know what did body smell like but I you know that smell was there as soon as I walked in it was bad you know I was just thinking man this guy some nasty bowels or something right that's what I honestly thought that was but you now I know that by now the police are more than suspicious that the story Wade is telling them isn't the truth but just what exactly he was hiding remained to be seen still Sherry Wade's neighbor may have had some idea about what was really going on behind the closed door of Wade's apartment in her interview she recalled one of the few interactions she ever had with KJ one day she stopped by Wade's door to ask for coffee and was surprised when KJ greeted her at the door Sherry didn't know it at the time but as KJ peered out from behind the front door she didn't have a stitch of clothing on KJ agreed to send Wade over shortly when he showed up on sher's doorstep coffee in hand he wasn't happy according to Sherry Wade admitted to forcing KJ to walk around their home naked and by answering the door that day she'd apparently crossed the line he said uh she shouldn't opened the door like that I said well I didn't see anything and he goes I'm going to have to get the belt out but back in the interrogation room Wade doesn't do much to refute his neighbor's accusations in fact he expands on them you never gone to jail for fighting somebody or pushing somebody or well any kind of domestic violence or anything crazy like that the domestic things in the past have been dismissed in court a pattern is beginning to emerge while Wade admits fault in some instances the admissions almost seem calculated as if they sign to distract from the larger questions at hand I said if I he domestic violence I'm going to call the police Sherry never called the police but Wade eventually admits to the officers that he did hurt KJ all right I kicked her in the butt cuz I was ashamed of her cheating on me and such you know I I shouldn't have but I did and then come to find out in court she tried to blame these bruises of her ankles on me I had nothing to do with her ankles that's false evidence because what happened was she fell down by the Raad again the balance issue by the railroad tracks and that caused the bruises from her ankles rolling not from you kicking her though no gotcha was report required house guess she had reason for concern soon officers Place Wade in a holding cell while they continue to investigate and as if it were everyday conversation Wade nonchalantly confirms his neighbor's allegations earlier when Wade was first brought in he contemplated his choice to hide KJ's death most disturbingly despite knowing what the officers at his apartment were going to discover and knowing what he had done he somehow still had an appetite to eat the cookies offered to him all right wait so what I would like to know from you is in your own words what happened to Kelly Jean on the day I found her like that if I had called it in would there be a different outcome anything different yeah I don't it just depends on you know when it was and all that his indifference was yet another subtle sign of the horrors to come but still no one can prepare themselves for the nauseating story story that is eventually revealed when was the last time you a Bel on her probably a day or two before but before she died yeah but that couldn't cause death I wouldn't think it would yeah why did why did you use a a Bel on her CU I don't want to use hands okay what did she do to deserve the belt oh her coming back type thing okay so it's punishment to to her but that's my point I started using the Bel because I don't want to use hands anymore okay that that that's why I'm not saying it's that much better okay I shouldn't be physical anyways Sherry had a different Theory one that was sickeningly close to the truth I never really saw her because I think that he was keeping her in there and not wanting anybody to see her by now authorities know more than they're letting on and with one question they signal to Wade that his House of Lies is about to collapse around him we're not going to find any belt marks around her neck are we that's just a question I got asked I don't think you what if we do I don't think I don't think we should be finding things with Wade's history of alleged violence authorities are hoping for firsthand Witnesses and when they catch up with his most recent exir girlfriend Katie they get more than they bargain for Katie explained that she'd known Wade since childhood and their relationship became romantic in 2018 just one year prior but it was short-lived ending abruptly after only 3 months so what happened that ended your guys relationship okay so um my kids had just started school again and I needed to be home with them and so I couldn't do whatever he was asking me to do like him up or something and he ended up showing up here but I I had my kids and I could not take him um and he started to fight out here and I finally was like okay just get in the car like I'll take you just to get you away from me and my kids were in the back seat and he was in the front seat with me and we were driving towards K zooo and he realized that I was going to leave him there MH and he said something and I just put my hand across I didn't even touch him I just was like stop like just stop my kids are right there like you're freaking out and he told me that he would break my arm if I ever did that again and so my daughter was a she's a diabetic and she um started I didn't know at the time but she was like Mom my Sugar's going low but she was just faking it to get it back home and um smart girl so I got us back here my kids got in the house I got away from him out of the car and he's like just get back in the car and take me and I'm like no I'm not getting back in the car and I put like a bicycle and a chair between us and I wouldn't let him get close enough he's like no I'm not going to hurt you just come here let's just figure this out and I was like no no no you need to find like somewhere else to go somewhere like get away from me I don't want anything to do with you and before the detective leaves she says just something far more Sinister may be at play if I would have ended things when I did that would have been and that's terrifying to me as police slowly gather more pieces to this puzzle a clearer picture starts to emerge authorities are ready to confront Wade unsurprisingly Wade uses the opportunity to smooth over his story but in the process he trips up he says well why didn't she scream or anything I've never seen that woman's scam never I might have only seen her cry maybe four times okay what caused her to cry two times was pain related like where she got hurt she cried how'd she get hurt was it did she cut herself bad or or a broken bone or just I don't know if she I don't even want to really talk about that I just know that that's the only time I've ever seen her cry twice out of pain okay and twice when I left your Al you don't want to talk about it cuz did did you cause the pain to her and you can be honest with me wa I it's all about getting everything off your chest I when I left her alone I know when she CED be being alone I cause that emotional pain physical pain I don't think me causing her physical pain caus her to cry I think well maybe maybe maybe it was a little physical pain from you talking about causing pain to people is just not something I I get a thrill out of it's not yeah I understand that and I don't I just don't want to talk about that that's not appropriate not no ironically despite Wade's claims here he would eventually talk about this very subject and it would be what law enforcement needed to break his case wide open soon the officer stands to leave the room sensing Wade's desperation he presses a little more when we do the autopsy what marks are we going to find that was from scuffles between the two of you like her lips might be messed up or why would her lips be messed up from and you can speak to me man there's just between me and you it it was not something that would cause to go like that night was a peaceful night okay I want that very clear well we're getting somewhere now now I'm starting to see a little bit before wrapping up the officer gives Wade one last chance to come clean I got I got 30 seconds before I got to walk out of here okay okay so you look me straight in the eye and tell me that you're not the cause of her death no I'm not while police know Wade isn't telling them everything they never could imagine the stories of depravity that would follow this interrogation and eventually KJ's autopsy would reveal a sickening story after Wade was booked the disturbing stomach churning truth was revealed authorities received statements from several of his cellmates requesting to speak with them one by one these men explained that Wade had shared every gruesome detail about what really happened to KJ and proudly what they revealed shocked everyone what did wait an and tell you guys man dude this guy is well let me just put it to you like this he's a serial killer he told us that he physically had this girl down on the bed with a white ribbon around her neck watching the clock for five minutes until she she was dead and he brought her back to life if you recall police found ribbon while in Wade's apartment some type of ribbon and when he did the torture that he put her through oh it's just it's gross it's disgusting this is only the beginning of the horrifying reveals although Wade's alleged jailhouse stories vary slightly several of cellmates agree on a few particularly gruesome details about what happened to KJ he told her he says you're going to die by someone that loves you and not somebody that hates you curiously investigators discovered that KJ's very last Facebook message was to Wade on March 18th the same day she suddenly dropped all activity the message read I love you you are mine and I am yours forever more I know that you can't reply but I wanted to tell you this every day day this ominous message was just the beginning and you said he brought her back what do you mean by that what do he he gave her CPR that dude needs to be put away for a long time man as police interview cellmate after cellmate they each build on the same story and as they continue what was already a tragic story evolves into one of pure unbridled evil according to the men housed with Wade his sick actions may have started long before KJ's death they claim Wade had a jealous and controlling streak and as one cellmate tells it KJ's life changed drastically after she confided in a mutual friend about her relationship troubles his friend had a conversation with him and said that way that Kelly had told his girlfriend that Wade was being too rough with her as far asual went MH Wade said that from that point on he was Furious because his matters weren't to be discussed with his friends they were personal so he said he never let her go to the whoever's house that was again that from that day on when he went to work he started tying her up and placing her in the closet and if binding KJ alone in a dark closet for hours on end wasn't sickening enough another inmate describes an unthinkably heinous act he gagged her with a screwdriver and a war Rag and he put a war rag around a screwdriver and made it like a horse bit that's why he would have to take the bit out of her mouth because he could wet the horse Rag and give her water so he he keep her tied up longer without having to untie and what was the purpose of that so she couldn't yell and scream according to Wade's cellmates KJ initially fought back against Wade's mistreatment when she threatened to go to the police Wade amped up his efforts to silence her Wade started tying her up and keeping her to where she couldn't go anywhere like she didn't go outside she didn't go nowhere mhm it seems that Sher had been right all along I think that he was keeping her in there and not wanting anybody to see her according to his cellmates the truth behind KJ's death was so Twisted so unimaginably brutal that it kept them up at night in fact after they heard Wade's latest retelling of events the men took shifts sleeping making sure there was always someone keeping an eye on him his cellmate said that after Wade choked KJ to the brink of death she lost her motor function the ability to speak and the ability to control her bowels and bladder then she remained alive in this helpless state for around 2 weeks before her death he said he didn't know if it killed her but he had to smack her to get her to come come back and I guess she never actually came back she came back but she wasn't there so and that's you what do you mean by that she wasn't coherent you know she was she she never talked again to him but she you know he got got her to breathe again and in the meantime according to another cellmate she suffered unspeakably he said a couple times she went in there and just put his hand over her face and nose to see if he could he said but she like Wouldn't Die like she didn't want to die according to another man housed with Wade he even seemed to regard her suffering as an inconvenience for him and he said that she wouldn't eat is why um he was hitting her with the belt stuff trying to wake her up but she wouldn't wake up bit by bit police are beginning to piece together the gut-wrenching reality of KJ's last days while Wade claimed to have been attempting to feed her and care for her in her state of helplessness this was a complete lie and in fact he was torturing her they got to the point where he was laying in bed one day and he felt the need to take a torch that he had and he burned he said he burned her tongue her CL and her nipples so that she would never feel arousal from another male again he said he even put her in a bathtub and dumped scalding hot water on her feet to see if she had any movement and she wouldn't move scream or nothing he said it was so hot that he boiled the water and dumped on he said it burnt his skin and everything right off of it since she was not bothered by it no more he had to take it a step further to show her that when she was in the wrong using the wrong the informants say that this is precisely when Wade injured KJ to the point of her incapacitation and eventual death well he said no matter what he did to her that she had no movement and eventually she just passed on her own somehow even after KJ's death the hellish scene in Wade's apartment wasn't over in fact according to his cellmate he wasn't even close to finished with KJ it was then that Wade sunk to a low so unbelievable that his cellmates struggled to find the words he warmed the body up and have relations with it or whatever you want to call it you know that's just I didn't you know I didn't I was like jeez you know I wasn't trying to hear any of that but just yeah again he's a monster I don't I mean can we back up to that part what do you mean he warmed the body up the head in in the tub he would run warm water on it and then cool it down cold water after whatever he did with it and according to another informant Wade shared sick details about his horrific actions openly he was like yeah he was like it was kind of rough at first he was like but her jaw just eventually opened up and I just took advantage of it before I had to chop her up I was like whoa meanwhile as this nightmarish scenario took place Wade's next door neighbor Sherry started to notice a foul odor drifting into her own apartment and then my thought over the last two weeks it's he was even standing there I said what is that smell it smells like something DED like something's dead I thought maybe an animal or something and he goes uh well there's a mouse in my wall maybe it died uh first it smelled like uh gas and it smelled like v's and then it smelled like death it also seemed that the five or so weeks KJ's body was hidden in the coolers was no accident he was hoping that um sitting in the totes for whatever however long he kept her in there that um she decompose enough that it wouldn't show the signs of the well oner back in the bruing from him hit wa told you that yeah KJ's autopsy revealed multiple areas of bruising including her chin neck and right ear her hyoid bone situated at the top of the neck underneath the chin area was fractured this is considered a strong indicator of strength angulation due to the Rarity of fractures from other types of trauma ultimately her death was ruled as a homicide by unspecified means he would sit and watch Criminal Minds and talk about if I had if I had it all I wish I watched this and I could have done it differently the way he talked to she like he has done it before according to his cellmates it was Wade's total lack of remorse even bragging that set them off the most it's out there man he's just laughing about it and he can talk about it like it's nothing to it I mean he jokes about it um he breaks out a police report and let people if you're interested in reading something that way he'll let you read it and it's just it's be me I mean and he said he loved the girl I mean you don't love somebody and do this kind of stuff to him man right one cellmate explained that in addition to Wade's sick unmerciful Behavior he was so proud of his actions that he felt deserved notoriety he nicknamed himself chops and he even hoped to write a book I know he said there he said what what what really mad at your parents nobody wanted her despite Wade's claims KJ did have a family one that was concerned about her well-being and wanted to see her be happy in life somebody need to stand up for that lady right you know she has family and it's that's good to know you know I I got to get the emotional part of it you know I feel for that I feel for her family man yep I completely agree so do I yeah I'm just happy that I got to talk to you Sherry expressed her horror that she didn't see this coming I didn't think he could do something like that M but you don't know people I mean t Bundy everybody likes him too when Wade's case went to trial the first two searches of Wade's apartment were deemed unconstitutional on the grounds that Wade may have felt threatened during his detainment it was also also discovered that police officers falsely claimed to notice an odor coming from Wade's apartment in their reports these claims were later recanted although Wade's defense aimed to suppress evidence obtained as a result of these initial searches the appell at court ultimately ruled against them stating that the discovery of the coolers was inevitable with a warrant which at that point was already justified in 2023 Wade was convicted of murder in the second degree as well as mutilation of a dead body he pled no contest and was sentenced to 39 to 60 years in prison but Wade's brutality didn't stop with KJ he was also convicted of third degree criminal conduct after assaulting a fellow inmate in 2020 once he discovered that his cellmates had spoken to police he attacked one of the men
By wassim mem2 years ago in Horror
Catching the Deadly Black Mamba
In Africa, there are four species of Mamba. Three of them are green, beautiful and deadly. But the fourth is both aggressive and fast, the Black Mamba. Named for its pitch black mouth, this Mamba is equally at home in trees and on the ground. It grows up to 12 feet long and can be as thick as a man's arm. It's one of the fastest venomous snakes in the world. It can speed along at 12 miles per hour and strike in less than a second. When it strikes, it pumps both neurotoxic and hemotoxic venom into its prey. The neurotoxic venom causes nearly instant death. And the hematoxic venom begins the digestive process before the victim is even dead. A person bitten has only minutes to get antivenom-- often not an option. [rock music] In South Africa, these deadly snakes have been known to invade people's homes. And that's when snake expert Simon Keys and Siouxsie Gillett are called to the scene. How are you doing? He said it's-- it's black. It's-- It's showing up right in the house. Yes, sir, it is. It's this side. So where's your children? The children are inside still? No, you got them out. Oh, you got them out. OK. NARRATOR: As professional snake catchers, Simon and Siouxsie are called to capture snakes and return them to the wild. Right. Let's move everything from there in-- NARRATOR: And no calls are more dangerous than those involving a Black Mamba. I'm going to check here first. He's not here. I'll go check that. There it is. Whoa, here we go. OK. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: Ah. All right, now we know what we're dealing with-- a great big Black Mamba. Yeah, that's huge. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: It's big. SIMON KEYS: That's huge. It's all right there for the time being. It's found somewhere to hide. What could have happened is that snake came in and obviously scared the kids. And they ran and locked themselves in the bathroom. That snake would also be scared. It could have gone back out the door, but it hasn't. It's gone and hid in there. That's fine. That's cool. I'm glad it's here because now we can make sure we catch it and take it far away so it doesn't come back. And that is quite a big Mamba. That's-- I'm guessing it's at least 8 foot long, probably a bit more. Right, that's going to be fun because it's wrapped itself in a bottle. Yeah. NARRATOR: Their goal-- to remove the snake before it has a chance to harm anyone and release it back in the wild, hopefully without getting bit themselves. SIMON KEYS: He's wedging himself in the back there. That's cool. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: He's disappearing now. SIMON KEYS: Sioux, is that hook behind you? SIOUXSIE GILLETT: No. Yeah. SIMON KEYS: Squeeze the hook. OK. [suspenseful music] [exhales forcefully] Right, I need to get there. I'll try and just loop a bit of its body out. I'll get the tongs in it. But this bit is very low down, I think. And I don't want to get too let down because then we've got 6 foot of-- or more of Black Mamba ready to come towards us. Don't want to go there. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: You can't come-- I need that bit, yeah. OK, that's a little better. All these bloody bottles. Sorry, snake. That is huge. All right, OK, all right. Sioux, get ready. That thing could actually-- SIOUXSIE GILLETT: It's blocking me in. SIMON KEYS: All right, snake. It's all right. I've got it. Not great like that. You get-- SIOUXSIE GILLETT: I'm quite low. SIMON KEYS: I'm going to let that tape-- SIOUXSIE GILLETT: I will. I'm quite low. I'm very low because he's big. Just slowly. OK, I got another one. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: I need to go out more. He's wedged. SIMON KEYS: Wait. See, I can actually get in there to nick it. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: Well, I need to go up more. SIMON KEYS: No. Watch out. I'm gonna let it go. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: OK, well, I'm quite-- SIMON KEYS: Oh, wait. All right, let me get that. OK. No, I'm off. Right, don't let go. No, I'm low down. I'm not-- I can't actually see what I'm doing here. Dangerous, very dangerous. OK, I got it. I got it. Drives me crazy. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: OK, I'm letting go. SIMON KEYS: Yeah, you can let go. Just hold this. OK, now I need to get it out of here. All right, snake, go on. OK, let's get all of you. All right. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: He's really wedged in. I know. Forcing himself. He doesn't want to come with us. [snake hissing] SIMON KEYS: Oh, all right, all right. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: Listen, can you go to one side with the head, and then I'll do the body because-- He's strong, eh? Hold that. That's it. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: There we go. [non-english speech] What is that? [non-english speech] SIMON KEYS: Yo, its a big thing, eh? It's huge. [non-english speech] SIMON KEYS: We should actually measure this one. It's huge. Just stretch it out roughly, Sioux. I'll get a tape measure on it, I think. It's huge. Probably one of the biggest we've caught. SIMON KEYS: One of them, yeah. It's a big one. [chatter] Oh, I don't know if she's going to fit in our bag. She'll go. Use one of the white ones. All right. I'm going to put it in the shade because he's overheating. There, there. One little bite from this thing, they'd be racing to hospital-- so dangerous. This is extremely dangerous what I'm doing. Because if I slip, the snake's more than likely going to bite me, more than likely going to bite Sioux and then anyone else in the vicinity. So I'm just going to concentrate on what I'm doing. The tail end, if you can undo the tail-- SIOUXSIE GILLETT: I'm trying. SIMON KEYS: Take her. All right, here we go. Wait a minute. I can't see. She's big. She's huge. And she is trying to get out of here. So try and do it as quick as you can. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: I am, babe, but she's fighting against me. SIMON KEYS: That's it. Go. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: No, I'm still not in. SIMON KEYS: She is strong. OK. No, push down more. Push down more. A little more, go a little more. Watch out there. That's where the fangs are probably going to come through in a second. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: I need her down more. SIMON KEYS: Go quickly. I'm losing my grip. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: I know, babe. The tape is twisted. All right, you have to move your hand. I'm going down there. SIMON KEYS: That will do. That will do. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: The tape is-- I'm going to let go. It's coming out of my hands. [snake hissing] SIMON KEYS: You don't play with that thing too much, right. Thank you, guys. SIOUXSIE GILLETT: Goodbye. Thank you. Thank you very much. SIMON KEYS: No problem. Just stay clear. We didn't expect to see a big snake like this. SIMON KEYS: Big snake. MAN: Yeah, yeah, yeah. SIMON KEYS: Big, big, big. [tense music]
By wassim mem2 years ago in Earth
Pediatricians Debunk 16 Baby Myths
Let's address this statement based on current understanding and medical advice:Aliza Pressman: "Baby walkers help babies walk."This statement is incorrect. Baby walkers do not actually help babies learn to walk. In fact, they can delay motor development and pose safety risks. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises against the use of baby walkers due to the potential for accidents, such as falls down stairs or collisions with objects.
By wassim mem2 years ago in Humans
Paramedics Debunk 12 First Aid Myths
Absolutely, let's debunk this misconception:You should clean your wounds with rubbing alcohol:Using rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) directly on wounds can actually be harmful. It can delay healing, damage new tissue, and cause pain and irritation. Instead, clean wounds with mild soap and water to gently remove dirt and bacteria. If necessary, use an antiseptic solution recommended by healthcare professionals.
By wassim mem2 years ago in Humans
ENT Doctors Debunk 11 Ear And Nose Myths
Let's clarify this point:To stop a nosebleed, pinch the bridge of your nose and tilt your head back.This is partially incorrect. Tilt your head slightly forward, not backward, to prevent blood from flowing down your throat. Pinch the soft part of your nose, the nostrils, just below the bridge. This helps apply pressure to the bleeding point and usually stops the bleeding within a few minutes. Tilting your head back can cause blood to flow down your throat, which can be swallowed and potentially cause choking or stomach upset.
By wassim mem2 years ago in Humans
Eye Doctors Debunk 13 More Vision Myths
Let's clarify this myth:"Eye exercises will improve your vision":This is a myth. While eye exercises may help with eye muscle strength and coordination, they do not significantly improve or correct vision problems such as nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), or astigmatism. Vision problems are typically caused by the shape of the eye or the length of the eyeball, and exercises cannot change these structural issues. Corrective lenses, such as glasses or contact lenses, or surgical procedures like LASIK are more effective for vision correction.Hi my name is dr ronnie banik i'm a board certified ophthalmologist and neuro-ophthalmologist and i'm dr jennifer sci practicing optometrist in new york city i specialize in medical and aesthetic eye care and today we will be debunking myths about vision 2020 means you have perfect vision ah that's a good one a lot of people think 2020 means perfect vision but there is so much to vision beyond just reading the eye chart and reading down to 2020. and when we say 2020 vision it means that this chart is at 20 feet away from the patient and they can read all the way down to this line right here there are other lines below that some people can actually read even better than 2020 but there are so many other components of vision for example there's color vision there's peripheral vision there's contrast and we also check for near point vision which has to do with reading up close and technically you could have 20 20 vision but have a condition such as glaucoma which can cause peripheral vision loss which means you have perfect 20 20 vision in the center but you might have side vision loss blue light will damage my eyes oh my gosh i don't know what to think about that back in 2018 there was a study that came out that the media picked up on and they said oh blue light is going to damage your retina it's going to cause permanent blindness what the researchers did in the study was they took cells they put them in a petri dish and they exposed those cells to high high levels of blue light and they found out that those cells died the truth is that the cells that they put in that petri dish were not even eye cells they were cervical cancer cells so our retina cells have pigments that protect us against blue light they're called lutein and zeaxanthin they're like our natural blue blockers and they protect our eyes against blue light so there is no proof that blue light damages your eyes and if it were really true we would actually have a pandemic of blindness because all of us are on devices all the time children adults and it's just not true we do know that it affects our sleep and it does cause insomnia because it changes our circadian rhythm so when you wear like coating on your glasses it does help with light sensitivity and glare and just generally making you feel more comfortable when you're doing work so there is no downside to it the tint does make a difference because if you put on the lighter tint blue blockers and if you look at your screen if you can still see the color blue it means that that blue blocker is not blocking out 100 of the blue light maybe it's blocking out a certain lower percentage maybe 30 to 40 percent versus if you put on these these are the super duper blue blockers if you look at a screen with these on you don't see any blue whatsoever so for example if i'm having trouble sleeping and i need to use my computer at night i'll wear these at night time two hours before bed so it doesn't really interfere with my sleep the other thing that can happen when you're on a screen for a long time is probably you're not blinking enough so you're probably also getting dry eye and that's probably also contributing to the eye strain you will lose your vision as you age i hear this all the time for my patients i have patients who are older your 60s 70s 80s even 90 year old patients who still have 20 20 vision sometimes the dinner menu gets harder to read at the restaurant and i tell them that's absolutely normal that's not losing your vision it's just that our vision starts to change in the other direction sometimes so when we're referring to presbyopia that is the gradual change when our eyes are not able to accommodate or focus on near objects as well and we tend to hold things further back so why does this happen well it's because inside the eye we have a lens now normally the lens is very flexible and it can change shape sometimes it can get thicker or thinner in the middle that allows us to focus at different distances as we get older though this lens just doesn't change shape as well it becomes more stiff and when it becomes more stiff that is called loss of accommodation or presbyopia and again that usually happens to most people sometime in their 40s or 50s we also notice that over time our eyes start to improve as we get older it has to do with the fact that as we grow our eyes elongate and that can lead to myopia or near-sightedness and over time just like our body can shrink our eyes can shrink shorter and that can lead our prescription to go the opposite way there's lots that can go wrong but as long as you see your eye doctor regularly you get checked for it you get it taken care of you can still maintain good 20 20 vision into your golden years lasik means no glasses forever i wish that were true but there is no guarantee with any kind of procedure that your vision will be what you hope it to be lasik is just resetting your prescription back to zero so lasik can provide sharp clear vision but that doesn't mean it can prevent myopia regression or the need for reading glasses sometimes there can be regression which means that after six months or a year the cornea may start to change back into its natural shape for the most part it is very very safe but just make sure you talk to your surgeon about it first to make sure that you're a good candidate because not everyone is a good candidate okay color blindness equals seeing in black and white this is an interesting one a lot of people think that if you have color blindness that's all you're going to see is like monochrome but it's not true most people who have color blindness or what we call color deficiency have issues with seeing different shades of reds and greens and sometimes also oranges and yellows it's not that they can't see those colors they just see those colors differently so we have cells in our retinas called photoreceptors the rods are responsible for light and dark vision the cones are responsible for color visions we have red cones green cones and blue cones and these cones are all tuned into certain wavelengths so in people who are color blind it's not that they don't have those cones it's just that those cones are set to a different wavelength so instead of seeing a red is bright red they may see it kind of as a muted color or maybe as like an orange or yellow actually it's pretty common in the population to have color blindness i think it's like eight percent of the population if you go to the eye doctor they can do a color test on you it shows you numbers within patterns of color and it tests the intensity or density of how much colorblindness there is over a spectrum but it really doesn't impact someone's life at all people with colorblindness function completely normally and there is no long-term issue with that eye exercises will improve your vision what do you think about that this is a myth can i just do this please yes so there is just so much misinformation out there when it comes to eye exercises many people think that if they do certain exercises that will help them decrease their myopia or their hyperopia or their astigmatism i wish that were true but there is no truth to that our eyes are shaped in a certain way our corneas are shaped a certain way the length of the eye is a certain way and what you do in terms of exercises will not change that so it is probably one of the biggest myths out there you may have heard of the 20 20 20 rule which is every 20 minutes take a 20 second break to look at something 20 feet away and really the whole goal of that is just to allow your eyes to relax often to the distance so that does help relieve a little bit of that strain but it certainly isn't something that corrects for your vision there is one condition where eye exercises can help it's a condition called convergence insufficiency where if we're looking at something up close for a long time the eyes get fatigued and start to drift out a little bit so there is one exercise called pencil push-ups where people can help strengthen those muscles and help them focus longer and not feel that fatigue maybe it'll prevent them from seeing double but it won't actually change the power or the refraction of the eye i think the best way to improve your vision is simply to go to the eye doctor find out what the issue is and get it taken care of wearing glasses will make your vision worse i get this all the time for my patients like doctor really do i need to wear these glasses isn't it going to make things worse the truth is no what happens is when people are seeing blurry they wear their glasses and then they see clearly but then they take their glasses off all of a sudden they're saying blurry again wearing them or not wearing them does not cause progression the change has more to do with genetics and just natural axial elongation of your eyeball so an analogy i like to use with my patients is let's say you hurt your ankle and you can't walk properly so use a crutch it's going to help you but it's not actually going to worsen your ankle so if your eye doctor thinks you need glasses or contacts and prescribes them for you it's for your benefit it will help you see better so please wear them dry eyes aren't very serious that's a tricky one most of the time dry eyes might not be serious but it could cause potential issues that lead to scarring on the cornea i would say 80 percent of the population might deal some sort of dryness in fact children are experiencing at a much younger age we're noticing that statistically speaking about 125 million people ages 18 to 50 experience dryness but they don't report it or do anything for it so if you can imagine when we are looking at our phones or reading a book we tend to just stare and that means our blink rate decreases by at least a half so we lose our blink completeness and over time our tears can evaporate much much quicker but when you go see your eye doctor usually they'll use different dyes or colored strips or that can help to stain the cornea to see exactly how much dryness you have and where the dryness is and there are actually ways to also image the glands the truth is you really need to use the drops very often it's not just once a day you need to use them multiple times during the day dry eyes like dry skin so lubricate frequently it's okay to get generic as long as you look at the ingredients and there's no ingredient called polyvinyl alcohol if you see anything with alcohol in there please don't buy it because that can actually irritate your eyes even more it's not fully ph balanced to your eye it could actually make things worse in most cases dry eyes are not serious but sometimes they can be so don't let it get to that level where it becomes serious if you sneeze with your eyes open they'll pop out i'll let you take it yeah i i don't know where to start with this myth there's a certain condition that can cause proptosis which is the bulging of the eyes though it's rare it just has to do with the elasticity of the lid itself if you have more relaxed lids and the eyes when you sneeze it can pop out a bit but certainly they don't fall out you don't have to search for them on the floor or anything like that we actually have in our eye socket it's a really intricate network of muscles and connective tissue that keep the eye in its place so you can see that there's one two three there's some on the bottom four and then there's two others in the back so there's six eye muscles behind each eye these eye muscles are connected to the back of the eye socket they hold everything in place so there is no way that the eye could actually come out of the eye socket it's a good thing our eyes actually automatically close when we sneeze as a natural reflex and it has to do with our body's way to really expel what it thinks is an issue or bacteria so it's probably impossible to sneeze with your eyes open so just let your body do its thing contact lenses can get lost behind your eye uh no definitely a myth because you have a protective barrier called the conjunctiva it's to prevent things from getting dislodged back there i've had a patient who came in and she kept thinking that the contact lens got lost or it fell out and when she came in the third or fourth time i saw that she had four contact lenses on her cornea and that's because she thought it fell out but it was still on there but she just kept putting in a fresh pair every single time all you really have to do is just make sure you blink a few times put in some artificial tears to get that contact lens to loosen up and eventually it should come out and you should be able to find it and pull it out of the eye most of the time i notice that patients just actually rub their eyes in the contact lens falls out and they think that it's so back in the eye and when i check it's not there that's happened to me yeah sunglasses aren't necessary myth total myth you do need sunglasses because we always want to protect our retina and our macula our lens and our cornea so these are mine um do you have yours i do i have mine i'll go ahead put them on honestly they make you look fashionable and cool while protecting your eyes at the same time we are constantly exposed to sunlight exposure even on cloudy days and when that happens even though the progression might be slow it can put our eyes at risk in the future for other issues or long-term consequences the uva and uvb rays are so powerful they can burn their cornea they can burn your retina they can lead to growths on the surface of the eye they can even lead to eye cancers or eyelid cancers here are some tips for sunglasses all sunglasses are not made the same darker does not always mean better so you want to make sure the label says 100 uva uvb protection or it might say absorption up to 400 nanometers you also want to make sure that you go for oversized or even one that wraps around because you actually are constantly exposed to sunlight from top and from the sides things like polarized lints doesn't always equal more uv protection same thing like mirror lenses or tinted lenses yeah they can definitely help they can cut the glare especially if you're skiing or out in the water snowboarding etc but you want to get the uv protection in addition to the polarization or the tint floaters are always harmless floaters are actually very very common but they're not always harmless there are a lot of different structures inside the eye but this structure here it's clear plastic but inside the eye it's actually a jelly called the vitreous that helps to keep the shape of the eye so it doesn't just collapse but this jelly is made out of lots of different things water and collagen and hyaluronic acid as we get older the jelly instead of being firm like jello starts to break down and when it breaks down into more of a liquid form we start to see little pieces of collagen floating around inside of it and these little pieces of collagen you know when light comes in through the front of the eye it hits those little collagen strands and creates a shadow on the retina and that's what we see as a floater i think it's estimated that about 80 percent of people have floaters in most cases they're benign but sometimes they can be associated with more serious eye conditions if you have a shower of new floaters it may be an indicator that you're developing a retinal tear or retinal detachment which is really an emergency you really need to get that checked out right away or sometimes people have floaters because they have inflammation inside the eye and that usually is associated with blurred vision flashes of light sometimes pain or redness definitely get it checked out if they're new if you've never had floaters before two blue-eyed parents can't have a brown-eyed kid that's a great one genetics is a complicated topic and even though you think that blue eyes are recessive and if you have two blue-eyed parents they're guaranteed to have a blue-eyed child it's not always the case there's a particular gene called oca2 it helps determine if someone's eye colors can be brown or blue but there are different ways the gene expresses itself so sometimes the gene is truly dominant but sometimes only partially dominant so there's a lot that goes into determining a baby's eye color but definitely it is possible not common but it is possible for two blue eyed parents to have a brown eyed child and also babies when they're born they tend to have lighter eye colors and then usually over the first couple of years of life usually by the age of two that color may darken to its ultimate final colors the pigment migrates into the iris sometimes it takes a while for that pigment to fully migrate and then fully kind of settle use your eyes when you first wake up to when you go to sleep so you want to protect it by making sure you wear sunglasses keep your eyes lubricated and to wear your correction and so definitely start early you know eat healthy exercise see your eye doctor if you do all these things you can hopefully maintain healthy vision for a lifetime you want to be proactive about it and prevent it from happening.
By wassim mem2 years ago in Humans
Hair Experts Debunk 15 Hair Myths
Let's address this statement:"Hair grows faster when you constantly cut it":This is a myth. Hair growth occurs from the hair follicles in the scalp. Cutting the ends of your hair doesn't affect the rate at which hair grows from the scalp. Hair growth rate is primarily determined by genetics, age, health, and hormonal factors.Hi i'm annabelle kingsley i'm consultant psychologist and brand president at philip kingsley and a trichologist is a scientist of the hair and scalp hi i'm dr howard i'm a new york-based board-certified dermatologist and the founder of girl and hair dermatology is the study of the skin scalp hair and mucous membranes and today we will be debunking myths about hair hair grows faster when you constantly cut it myth hair grows around half an inch a month and cutting it won't speed up that process on average we have around 120 000 hair follicles on our scalp and they're all going through different phases of the hair growth cycle right correct so there's anagen catagen telogen and oxygen and right now on your scalp generally up to 90 of hairs will be in the growth phase and then the rest are waiting to fall out and then some are shedding so hair is not going to grow faster if you cut it but it will look nice if you get your trims regularly you have dandruff because your scalp is dry dandruff isn't a dry scalp problem it's actually almost always oily dandruff is also known as seborrheic dermatitis an overgrowth of naturally occurring yeast on your scalp called the malassezia yeast and they are lipophilic which means they love oil yes they gobble it up and the more oils on your scalp the harder they are the happier they are the more flakes you tend to see yes you might find it's behind your ears on the side of your nose eyebrows so it can be right here even yeah wherever the yeast likes the sebum some things to treat dandruff are targeted shampoos scalp toners scalp masks and also look at what you're eating washing your hair every day is bad for you it's a myth but there is some fact in there you want to treat your scalp just as you treat your skin so you want to make sure it's properly cleansed you want to make sure you have good hydration on the scalp if you are a very active person maybe you want to cleanse some more fine hair like mine if i don't shampoo daily my roots get very greasy and flat and the reason for this is that when you have fine hair you have more hairs on your scalp and therefore you have more oil glands on your scalp because every hair is attached to an oil gland whereas coarser hair textures sometimes you know the sebum has a hard time leaving the scalp to the tip of the hair and it's counterintuitive because you think that maybe coily hair or textured hair you don't want to wash it a lot but actually the washing process is a part of the hydration process so the more you wash the more you hydrate shaving causes hair to grow back thicker and darker so hair naturally grows tapered so when you shave you just make the ends blunt and you're cutting the hair at a thicker point along the hair shaft so shaving may appear to make your hair grow thicker and darker but it actually doesn't if you were wax you're taking the hair out of the foam out of the follicle so it's still going to grow back tapered if shaving did make our hair grow back thicker i'd shave my hair air drying your hair is better than blow drying it depends on your method again so if you are air drying but your method of air drying is really scrunching or constantly tugging and you know yeah that's going to be more damaging well you know what i know some people who like air dry but they're like running out of the house and they'll swoop their hair in a ponytail but it's like wet in the middle but dry on the outside that could be a problem with that wet hair all the time in the middle or at the base of your scalp yeah so if you just brush your hair gently and let it dry without really touching it much without roughly towel drying it that's fine but equally blow drying doesn't have to be damaging if you do it properly in the right way and using a heat protectant great you should hold it at least six inches away like around this far away you can start on a medium heat setting and then reduce to low as you go you use the back of your hand as a reference if it feels too hot it's too hot for your hair especially with curly or coily or zigzag pattern hair a hooded dryer may be a good choice if you like to wear wigs weaves box braids and sometimes air drying it might not be the best option because you can get mold and mildew within the braids if it's not dry properly one isn't necessarily better than the other all method dependent shampooing causes extra hair loss myth this is something that i hear all the time what shampooing does is it simply dislodges hairs that were sitting loosely in their hair follicle and were ready to come out so you're not actually causing hair loss it's normal to lose up to 100 hairs a day but i really do encourage my clients who are experiencing excessive deadly hair shedding to shampoo regularly because it's really important in terms of keeping your scalp healthy and the healthier your scalp is the better able it is to support new 100 agree focus on your scalp when you shampoo and just the suds that run down through the lengths of your hair will be enough to cleanse them only shaving causes ingrown hairs myth waxing can cause ingrown hairs with any hair removal method if you break the hair instead of pulling it out right from the root you're more likely to get an ingrown hair because the end will be blunt as opposed to tapered it's all about like when you cut the hair the angle in which you're cutting it goes back into the skin so you have a curling but what happens when that curling occurs there is an inflammatory response that happens with that curling so that's where you get the red bump and sometimes that red bump can become a pus fill bump and you can have a real situation there perhaps shaving after shower i'm using a blade designated for sensitive skin could be helpful or a fresh sharp blade yes and also exfoliation so gentle exfoliation you know maybe once twice a week yes absolutely stress makes you have gray hair well there are elements of truth and myth to this so when you go gray is largely dependent on genes so if your mother or your father went gray early it does increase the chances that you will too but stress can certainly speed up the process your hair's color is determined by something called melanin which is pigment and the color of your hair ranging from blonde hair which will have less melanin to darker hair which will have a lot more melanin when your hair bulb stops producing these pigment cells is when you start to turn gray i think embracing the grays totally um it can look beautiful or you can color over them whatever works for you if you pluck a gray hair two more will grow in its place myth what i find happens is that when you notice one gray hair you go searching for others so maybe you're just looking more as you're saying yeah so you start like a private eye yeah and you find them everywhere there's a strand screw tonight you're saying it's all in your mind there is no data that shows that if you pluck a gray hair you have two yeah sprout up this myth is really common but i just think maybe it's it's a word of caution because you shouldn't pluck gray hairs out because over time if you continuously pull a hair out of its follicle you can damage the hair follicles you don't want to damage your no we love them so much and you think well one isn't going to make a difference but when one turns into 30 and you're constantly plucking 30 or more then you can get you know patches of hair loss on your skin that's never good no you can repair a split end myth once it's split that's it it's split yeah nice thanks split ends happen because of general day-to-day weathering so blow drying brushing towel drying it roughly wind exposure uv exposure holy hat that you bought that you think is so cool that you want to wear all winter so hair doesn't regenerate itself treat your hair like your favorite cashmere sweater yes but if you want to cure for a split and you have to cut it baldness is only passed down through your mother losing your hair has some genetic components but it's not only because mom lost her hair the boldness gene could be passed from your mother's side it could be passed from your father's side it could even be inherited from a grandparent or a great-grandparent there are many different types of hair loss so hereditary hair loss or boldness which i i don't really like it's called androgenic alopecia or reduced hair volume so androgenic alopecia is a genetic type of hair loss that can be inherited from either your mother or your father's side but it's also dependent on your hormone levels specifically your androgens so anything that impacts your hormone levels can then impact your hair so it can potentially make density changes worse so things like polycystic ovary syndrome menopause oral contraceptives puberty pregnancy so the best thing is to speak to a trichologist or a dermatologist so that they can speak to you about all the different options that are available the more you brush your hair the healthier it will be so brushing or over brushing can actually cause micro tears along the hair shaft and be potentially bad for your hair especially when it comes to textured coily or zigzag pattern hair and there's actually something where there's finger detangling in the coily or natural hair community where you use your fingers to detangle your hair so you should detangle your hair regularly just so that those tangles don't accumulate and mat together look for a brush with rounded plastic prongs so these aren't going to scratch your hair or your scalp and a vented cushion base do the back of hand test so gently run your brush over the back of your hand if it leaves red marks if if it feels harsh or scratchy it's going to be damaging your hair for curly or textured hair there are actually two brushes that i really love one is called the felicia leatherwood brush it has openings so when you brush coily hair the brush actually expands it's like a spring and then there's another one called the cosmology brush they have really big teeth you know so you can definitely get it through really coarse and thick hair oils will make hair grow faster and longer oh this is a good one no oh i cannot stand when i see magic growth oils jordan rip that one up oils do not make your hair grow faster and longer but eating enough oils in your diet important to scalp yes so rather than you know putting olive oil on your scalp put on your salad i have to tell you about what's going on in the curly community there's a whole big discussion about no oil so there's some stylists who said absolutely no oils on the hair i never really suggest applying pure oil to your hair but using a cream it contains things like olive oil or castor oil or coconut oil those can be really beneficial to the aesthetic appearance of your hair wigs weaves and braids always protect your hair myth not all the time i sometimes wear my hair out naturally sometimes i put it in a bun sometimes i wear box braids sometimes i wear a wig or weave it all depends on my mousse so it's a part of just changing hairstyles but in that with curly textured hair you can experience some hair loss with the frequent changing some people use protective styling as a way to minimize the manipulation on their hair but if it's too heavy if it's in too long if you neglect your scalp while you have your weave or if your wig braids are too tight you're putting too much traction on your hair follicle or your hair it can cause breakage exactly exactly i like to call it responsible protective styling you know not only relying on one style for too long so letting your hair breathe and just wearing your hair as is you should not neglect your scalp you should be cleansing you should be hydrating finding someone who really understands responsible protective styling so if you're going to a salon and making sure he or she understands that tight is never good tenderness is never good because it hurts if it hurts it's never good tenderheaded is just that myth and it's a phrase that we hear all the time right if you say ouch you know you might get a little pang of the comb to be still and you hear phrases like tenderheaded when you're super small so you grow up thinking it's just a part of life that you're just sensitive in certain areas because you've always been told that you're sensitive in those areas and while that may be true for some people as far as just like scalp sensitivity for many people actually the tenderheadedness could mean something else there could be inflammation there on a microscopic level that if we catch early especially scarring alopecia it can do good tenderness isn't necessarily normal and you don't want to dismiss it never suffer in silence and be really discerning when it comes to choosing your products if you're experiencing hair loss or a scalp concerned you can either see a trichologist or a dermatologist or even a really experienced stylist who's all about education hair education can take you a long way
By wassim mem2 years ago in Humans
