The Story of Mitochondria: Evolution, Function, and Molecular Machinery
The Story of Mitochondria: Evolution, Function, and Molecular Machinery
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles that play an essential role in cellular bioenergetics and various metabolic pathways. Known primarily as the “powerhouses of the cell,” mitochondria generate most of the cell’s adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Beyond energy production, these organelles regulate several crucial functions, including apoptosis, calcium signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) management. This article delves into the technical aspects of mitochondrial evolution, structure, functions, and their involvement in disease, illuminating why these unique organelles are pivotal to cellular health.