How to Choose the Right Indian Sandstone Paving for Your Outdoor Space

Understanding Indian Sandstone Paving

What makes Indian sandstone unique

Indian sandstone paving remains one of the most popular choices for patios, driveways, and landscaped gardens across the UK. Its natural beauty, durability, and variation in tone make it suitable for both modern and traditional outdoor designs. Unlike synthetic materials, sandstone weathers gracefully and often improves with age, adding charm and authenticity to any outdoor setting.

One of the defining characteristics of Indian sandstone is its riven surface, formed naturally as the stone splits along its layers. This gives each slab its own texture and identity. No two pieces are identical, and this variation lends a rich, natural look to paved spaces. Its appeal goes beyond aesthetics, however. Sandstone’s ability to withstand harsh British weather without significant deterioration adds to its practicality.

Where it’s sourced and why it matters

Most Indian sandstone used in the UK market originates from quarries in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. These regions are known for producing high-quality, ethically sourced sandstone that meets industry standards. Choosing paving from reputable sources ensures consistency in thickness, minimal variation in tone, and fewer issues during installation.

Ethical sourcing is a growing consideration for both trade professionals and homeowners. Suppliers who invest in responsible quarrying practices often deliver better-quality products and more reliable service. This translates into a better-finished project with fewer surprises—something crucial when ordering natural stone in bulk.

Common types and colour variations

Indian sandstone is available in a range of colours that reflect its geological origins. Raj Green is among the most versatile, combining earthy tones that blend easily with foliage and brickwork. Autumn Brown offers a warmer palette, ideal for complementing red brick homes or timber-framed buildings. Fossil Mint, with its creamy tones and occasional leaf fossil imprints, suits lighter, more contemporary spaces.

Then there are cooler greys like Kandla Grey, which provide a sleek, neutral backdrop and suit minimalist landscapes. Each colour option can subtly shift in tone depending on the light, adding visual interest across seasons. The wide variety available means it’s possible to find a sandstone style that matches the property’s character while also meeting practical demands.

Assessing Your Outdoor Requirements

Size and layout of the space

Before choosing Indian sandstone paving, it’s essential to evaluate the area in question. A large, open garden will benefit from broader paving slabs to reduce joint lines and create a more seamless look. In contrast, compact spaces may suit smaller formats or mixed-size patio packs, which offer more flexibility during installation and introduce variation that visually expands tighter areas.

Scale also influences pattern choice. Uniform patterns lend structure to contemporary gardens, while more irregular layouts such as random coursed or crazy paving can bring a traditional, informal charm. Planning this element early can help avoid wasted cuts and uneven finishes.

Edges, borders, and features like steps or raised beds must be accounted for too. The paving should integrate naturally with these, and the slab sizes selected should work harmoniously with the overall layout. Accurate measurements and clear planning reduce waste and make the project more cost-effective.

Intended use – patio, pathway, or driveway

Not all sandstone paving products are designed to handle the same level of wear. A patio used primarily for seating and occasional foot traffic won’t require the same strength as paving installed on a driveway. For driveways, it’s vital to choose thicker slabs—typically 22mm calibrated or more—that can withstand vehicle weight without cracking.

Walkways and garden paths, while lighter in load, need to be slip-resistant and visually distinct from surrounding turf or gravel. Sandstone naturally offers this grip, particularly in its riven or shot-blasted finishes. It can also be matched with edging stones or setts for added definition and durability.

By considering how the space will function year-round, the most appropriate slab thickness, finish, and layout can be chosen. This ensures the final surface not only looks appealing but performs reliably in its intended role.

Drainage and ground conditions

Sandstone paving must be laid on a stable, well-prepared sub-base to prevent movement or water pooling. The type of soil beneath the installation area can significantly affect this. For example, clay-heavy ground retains more moisture and will need additional attention to drainage, while sandy soils require proper compaction to prevent sinking.

Incorporating a fall or slight slope is standard practice to direct water away from buildings and towards drainage points. If this step is overlooked, puddling can occur, particularly in natural indentations on riven slabs. A drop of 1:60 is typically recommended across paved surfaces.

Installing a permeable sub-base, such as MOT Type 1 or Type 3 with adequate weed membrane, allows water to pass through while maintaining structural integrity. Proper planning and attention to ground conditions result in a safer, longer-lasting patio or path that requires less maintenance over time.

Choosing the Right Finish and Texture

Riven, honed, or shot-blasted?

The finish of Indian sandstone affects not only its appearance but also its functionality. Riven sandstone, the most traditional and widely used finish, showcases the natural cleft texture of the stone. It suits cottage gardens, rural settings, and properties with character features. The irregular surface creates a rustic, tactile look that works well with traditional planting schemes and informal layouts.

Honed sandstone, by contrast, is smoother and more contemporary. The surface is ground flat to produce a clean finish that suits modern gardens or urban spaces where a sleek, minimal aesthetic is preferred. Although it retains some texture for grip, honed paving may be more sensitive to weathering and should ideally be sealed to maintain its appearance.

Shot-blasted sandstone is increasingly popular for its balance between texture and refinement. The process creates a uniformly textured surface that improves slip resistance without compromising style. It’s particularly suited for outdoor dining areas, pool surrounds, or pathways where safety is a priority but a modern appearance is desired.

Each finish affects how the paving reflects light, copes with wear, and fits into the wider landscape. Selecting the appropriate texture at the start helps avoid mismatches in tone, grip, or performance once the project is complete.

Slip resistance and maintenance levels

Natural sandstone generally offers excellent grip, especially when riven or shot-blasted, making it a strong candidate for areas exposed to rain or frost. However, different finishes will influence surface slipperiness over time. For example, honed surfaces, though elegant, can become slick if not regularly maintained or sealed with an anti-slip treatment.

To keep paving safe and attractive, periodic cleaning is essential. A simple wash with a stiff brush and water typically suffices for most types of sandstone, although high-pressure washing should be avoided to prevent erosion of the stone’s surface. Algae and lichen can form on shaded or north-facing areas, particularly in winter, so these spots may require additional care.

Sealing is an optional step but can help reduce staining and discolouration, especially in dining or barbecue areas. Breathable sealants are recommended, as they allow moisture to escape while forming a barrier against oils, drinks, or plant matter.

Matching with garden features

Indian sandstone paving should feel like an extension of the garden, not a disconnected feature. Matching the paving finish to other materials—such as brick walls, timber decking, metal furniture, or gravel beds—can create a cohesive, balanced design. For example, a warm-toned paving like Modak or Autumn Brown might pair well with terracotta pots or red brick borders, while greys and creams like Kandla Grey align better with steel, glass, or rendered walls.

Even small features such as edging setts, step risers, or decorative inlays can enhance the look of sandstone. Coordinating colours or contrasting textures help define specific zones within an outdoor area without overpowering the overall scheme.

A practical approach is to request sample slabs before committing to a full order. Seeing the stone in natural daylight and next to existing elements gives a more accurate sense of how the paving will sit within its surroundings.

Colour Matching with Architecture and Landscaping

Popular shades like Raj Green, Autumn Brown, and Fossil Mint

Each shade of Indian sandstone lends a unique mood to an outdoor space. Raj Green is among the most versatile, with subtle blends of greens, browns, and greys that echo traditional British paving styles. It complements brick homes, rustic planting, and timber furniture, making it a popular choice for period properties and countryside gardens.

Autumn Brown sandstone carries a richer, deeper palette, blending chestnut, buff, and tan tones. This warmth works well in shaded gardens or alongside oak structures and reclaimed brick walls. Its earthy tones soften bold landscaping features and create a grounded, natural setting.

Fossil Mint offers a lighter, creamier base with occasional hints of yellow, beige, and fossilised leaf imprints. It suits more contemporary or Mediterranean-inspired spaces, brightening smaller gardens and reflecting more light in shaded courtyards. Its delicate tone works well with minimalist planting and modern water features.

The choice of colour should feel intentional, reinforcing the architectural language of the property rather than competing with it.

Blending vs contrasting palettes

In garden design, paving either blends into the environment or deliberately contrasts with it. A blending approach allows the stone to harmonise with surrounding materials and planting. This is ideal for traditional homes where continuity of tone is important, or where a calming, unified appearance is desired.

In contrast, using sandstone to deliberately stand out can frame focal points or define zones. For example, installing a pale Fossil Mint patio next to dark fencing and bold green planting creates a dramatic, high-contrast effect. Alternatively, cooler greys can be used to anchor brightly coloured garden furniture or striking architectural features.

The decision between blending and contrasting should reflect both the design goal and the property’s natural light. South-facing gardens often support bolder contrasts, while shaded or north-facing areas may benefit from warmer, lighter tones to lift the space.

Sample testing before full installation

Natural sandstone is a quarried material, which means there’s always variation between batches. Colours, textures, and even thicknesses may differ slightly depending on where the stone was cut and how it was processed. While this contributes to its charm, it also makes sample testing a vital part of the decision-making process.

Most reputable suppliers offer sample slabs, allowing homeowners and landscapers to compare them against garden walls, fences, or plants in natural daylight. It's best to place samples in the exact location where the paving will be laid, as artificial light or showroom settings can mislead the eye.

Testing also reveals how the stone reacts to rain and how it looks when dry. Some colours deepen when wet, while others become muted. This helps set realistic expectations and ensures there are no surprises once the project begins.

Comparing Indian Sandstone with Alternatives

Durability vs cost

Indian sandstone is known for its durability and long service life. When installed correctly, it can withstand decades of weather exposure, foot traffic, and daily wear with minimal maintenance. That said, not all sandstone is created equal. The hardness, porosity, and thickness of the slabs all affect how well they perform over time.

In terms of cost, Indian sandstone usually sits in the mid-range bracket. It’s more affordable than premium porcelain or granite but often more expensive than concrete alternatives. However, the overall value is excellent when factoring in lifespan and the natural, high-end finish it provides. Thicker, calibrated sandstone slabs are particularly suited to heavy-use areas like driveways and offer a solid balance between price and performance.

For budget-conscious projects, some sandstone packs offer mixed-size options, which reduce cutting time and waste. These can be an effective way to create visually appealing layouts without overspending, especially in larger areas.

A look at Kandla Grey Porcelain

Kandla Grey Porcelain has emerged as a strong alternative to natural sandstone, particularly for those seeking uniformity and low maintenance. Inspired by the natural tones of Kandla Grey sandstone, porcelain versions mimic the appearance while offering advantages in durability and stain resistance. Unlike natural stone, porcelain is non-porous, which means it’s far less likely to absorb moisture or suffer from algae build-up.

Because of its manufactured consistency, porcelain creates sleek, modern patios with fewer variations in colour or texture. This makes it a preferred option for contemporary designs or minimalist garden schemes. It also suits homeowners looking for long-term ease of maintenance, as porcelain does not typically require sealing and is resistant to most surface stains.

However, it lacks the warmth and natural variation of genuine Indian sandstone. For traditional garden settings or those looking for a more rustic aesthetic, sandstone remains the more authentic choice.

When porcelain may suit better than sandstone

Porcelain paving can outperform sandstone in certain scenarios. High-traffic urban settings, properties with young children or pets, and areas with dense tree cover (where organic matter often falls) benefit from porcelain’s resistance to marks, stains, and discolouration. Porcelain also handles frost and chemical cleaners better, which can be useful for households that prioritise low maintenance.

On sloped or shaded sites where grip is essential, textured porcelain may offer better anti-slip performance, especially in wet conditions. And for those installing near pools or water features, porcelain’s low water absorption can reduce the risk of moss or algae forming underfoot.

Ultimately, the decision depends on practical needs as much as aesthetic goals. Indian sandstone remains the go-to for warmth, heritage, and natural character, while porcelain suits those who prefer a uniform, fuss-free finish.

Installation and Aftercare Essentials

Sub-base preparation

The performance of Indian sandstone paving depends heavily on what's beneath it. A strong sub-base provides stability and prevents movement over time. Most installers recommend using MOT Type 1 or Type 3 compacted to a depth of around 100–150mm, depending on the ground conditions and intended use. For driveways or load-bearing areas, a deeper base may be required.

Laying the slabs on a full mortar bed, typically around 30–40mm thick, ensures even support. Spot-bedding should always be avoided, as it can lead to cracking or water pooling under the stone. The goal is a consistent bond between the paving and the bed below to minimise movement and future repairs.

The sub-base must also accommodate adequate fall to direct water away from buildings. A slope of around 1:60 is often used to prevent surface water build-up, helping extend the lifespan of both the slabs and the grout.

Jointing compounds and grouting

Jointing is as important as the paving itself. A high-quality jointing compound can help prevent weed growth, lock the slabs in place, and resist water ingress. Traditional sand and cement joints are still used, but resin-based jointing compounds have become increasingly popular due to their durability and ease of application.

The joint width depends on the paving style. Hand-cut sandstone typically features 10–15mm joints, while calibrated or sawn slabs allow for tighter spacing. Consistency in joint width not only enhances the visual finish but also contributes to the overall strength of the installation.

It’s essential to allow joints to cure fully before cleaning or sealing. This ensures the compound sets correctly, improving resistance to erosion from rain or foot traffic.

Cleaning and sealing sandstone paving

Regular maintenance helps preserve the natural colour and surface of Indian sandstone. A twice-yearly clean using a soft brush and mild detergent usually keeps the surface free from moss, dirt, and organic debris. Harsh chemicals and high-pressure washing should be avoided, as they can strip away the stone's surface and damage jointing.

Sealing is a matter of preference. Some choose to leave the stone unsealed to enjoy its natural weathering, while others apply a breathable sealant to prevent staining from food, drink, or decaying leaves. If sealing, it’s best to do so once the slabs are completely dry and after the first few months of installation, once the stone has acclimatised.

For high-use areas, or in gardens with overhanging trees, sealing can help reduce long-term maintenance. However, not all sealants are the same. It’s crucial to select one designed specifically for sandstone to avoid issues with discolouration or reduced breathability.

Where to Buy and What to Ask Before Ordering

Sourcing from trusted UK suppliers

Purchasing from a reputable UK supplier ensures peace of mind. Trusted suppliers provide accurate specifications, quality assurance, and consistent customer support. Many also offer guides, laying advice, and samples to help with planning. Look for those with verified reviews, clear delivery options, and accessible customer service teams.

Trade customers may benefit from additional perks such as bulk discounts, trade accounts, or priority shipping. Whether buying for a domestic project or a commercial installation, it pays to work with specialists who understand paving inside and out.

Understanding slab calibration and thickness

Calibrated sandstone means the slabs are machine-cut to a consistent thickness, often around 22mm. This makes them easier to lay and reduces the need for on-site adjustments. In contrast, hand-cut or variable-thickness slabs may require more skill to install but often have a more rustic, natural finish.

Knowing whether the paving is calibrated helps set expectations for installation. It also impacts compatibility with different laying methods and jointing options. Always check this detail before placing an order.

Checking for batch consistency

Natural stone varies by nature, but reputable suppliers group products by batch to minimise visible differences. It’s advisable to order all paving for a project in one go to avoid issues with colour variation between separate deliveries. Mixing slabs from multiple packs during installation helps create a balanced, natural look.

Before ordering, ask if the supplier maintains batch tracking and if they recommend ordering a small surplus. This allows for replacement slabs in case of breakage or future repairs, ensuring the finished project remains consistent.