Everything you need to know about the symptoms of autism

Autism, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a developmental condition that affects how a person thinks, interacts, and communicates with others. Autism is characterized by a variety of symptoms that vary from person to person, often showing a significant impact on social and behavioral experiences. In general, symptoms of autism appear in childhood, and can include difficulty with verbal and nonverbal communication, repetitive behaviors or new patterns, and difficulties forming social relationships.

Causes of autism

The causes of autism are not yet fully understood. However, it is believed that a number of factors contribute to its development. These include:

• Genetic factors: Research suggests that if a family member has autism, there may be a higher risk of developing it.

• Environmental factors: Exposure to certain factors during pregnancy, such as infections or chemicals, may increase the risk.
• Neurological factors: Studies suggest that there are differences in brain structure and function among people with autism.

Signs and symptoms of autism

Behavioral factors of autism

Repetitive and atypical behaviors are one of the main signs of autism. Children with this disorder display a range of distinctive behaviors, such as:

• Repetitive movements: such as waving their hands or spinning.
• Intense interest in certain topics: The child may focus on only one topic, such as trains or numbers, without paying attention to other activities.
• Difficulty adapting to change: People with autism find it difficult to accept small changes in their daily routine.

Social and communication factors of autism

People with autism have significant difficulties with social interaction and communication. Some of the most notable difficulties include:

• Inability to understand facial expressions: A person may fail to read other people’s emotions, leading to inconsistent behaviors in social situations.
• Difficulty building relationships with peers: Children may feel different, making it difficult for them to make friends.
• Delayed language development: Some children have a delay in speech or may use an unconventional language style.

For example, a child may speak in simple words or repeat phrases without understanding their meaning, reflecting cumulative difficulties in communication. Consider these signs and characteristics carefully, as they provide valuable insights into how to improve support and care for individuals with autism.

How to Diagnose Autism in Children

Diagnosing autism in children requires careful and comprehensive steps, usually initiated by doctors who specialize in mental health or development. The process includes:

• Observation: Doctors observe the child’s behaviors and social interactions in different settings.
• Behavioral assessment: Tools such as questionnaires and analysis balls are used to assess different behaviors.

For example, parents may be asked to fill out a questionnaire about their child’s behavior at home.

Multidisciplinary diagnosis: A team of doctors, including pediatricians, psychologists, and therapists, collaborates to ensure an accurate diagnosis.

Methods of diagnosing autism in adulthood

Diagnosing autism in adulthood can be more complicated because many people may develop coping strategies for their challenges. Therefore, it is important to use accurate methods that include:

• Personal interviews: Individuals or their families are asked to share their experiences and personal history.

• Communication skills assessment: How the adult interacts with others and handles social situations is analyzed.

• Psychological tests: These may include tests that measure social and behavioral considerations.

These methods help identify any characteristics associated with autism, making it easier to provide appropriate support and treatment. For example, adults may benefit from social support programs and life skills training to improve their daily lives.

Drug treatments for autism

Medications are used as part of a comprehensive strategy to manage the symptoms of autism, although there is no specific medication to treat the condition directly. Medications used include:

• Antidepressants: These may be used to relieve anxiety and depression that people with autism may experience.

• Antipsychotics: These help manage excessive behaviors or intense emotions.

• Attention medications: These are used to support improved attention and concentration, especially if attention deficit disorder is present.

Medications should be prescribed with caution, as responses vary from person to person, and doctors can monitor possible side effects.