Vitamin D and omega-3 supplementation have been demonstrated to lower the risk of autoimmune illness

• Vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and autoimmune illness have all been linked in previous studies.
• According to the authors of a new study, no large-scale, randomized controlled experiment has been conducted to evaluate the prospective links.
• Vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, or both, according to a recent long-term clinical trial, lessen the chance of developing an autoimmune disease.

Vitamin D consumption has been linked to a lower risk of autoimmune illnesses, according to previous study. The same can be said for omega-3 fatty acid supplements originating from marine sources.

Researchers presented the findings of the first big, national, randomized controlled study assessing the usefulness of daily vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acid, or combined supplements in avoiding inflammatory illness at the American College of Rheumatology's ACR Convergence 2021.

When compared to not taking them, taking vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid supplements over 5 years reduced the prevalence of autoimmune illness in older persons by 25–30%.

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Preliminary indications

Dr. Karen Costenbader, senior author of the study and director of the Lupus Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, gave a recap of the previous investigations that led to the new trials to the conference attendees.

When the human body is exposed to sunshine, vitamin D is produced, which helps to maintain healthy teeth and bones. The body may not produce enough vitamin D naturally if there is less sunlight. Vitamin D deficiency has been related to a variety of diseases in studies.

"Irritable bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and type 2 diabetes have been demonstrated to be more prevalent at northern latitudes, where circulation vitamin D levels are lower," Dr. Costenbader remarked to the conference audience.

"High plasma 25-OH vitamin D and high residential UV exposure were both associated with a lower risk for rheumatoid arthritis [RA] in our previous studies among women in the Nurses' Health Study," she noted.

In previous observational studies, decreased RA risk has been observed in people with increased fatty fish diet," Dr. Costenbader noted of omega-3 fatty acids.

"Higher [omega-3 (n-3)] fatty acid-to-total lipid proportion in [red blood cell] membranes was associated with a lower prevalence of anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor antibodies, as well as decreased progression to inflammatory arthritis among healthy volunteers," according to Dr. Costenbader.

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The VITAL study is underway.

For the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL, Dr. Costenbader and her colleagues enrolled 25,871 people (VITAL).

The men that took part were all at least 50 years old. The women, who made up 51% of the group, were all 55 years old or older. The participants were on average 67 years old.

The participants were placed into four groups, each of which got a daily allotment of one of the following for 5.3 years:

• a vitamin D placebo and an omega-3 placebo

• 2,000 international units (IU) of vitamin D and 1,000 milligrams (mg) of omega-3 fatty acid supplement

• a placebo omega-3 supplement and 2,000 IU vitamin D

• A vitamin D placebo plus 1,000 mg of omega-3 fatty acid supplement

A decrease in risk

The researchers looked at how vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids affected autoimmune illness in general and specific autoimmune disorders.

In the end, persons who took vitamin D supplements, omega-3 fatty acid supplements, or both were found to have a 25–30% lower risk of autoimmune illness than those who took simply placebos.

"After two years of administration, the effect of vitamin D3 appeared to be stronger," the researchers wrote.

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