What Islam says about Water

Water, in the Islamic worldview, is far more than a physical substance used to quench thirst or grow crops—it is a symbol of life, mercy, purity, and spiritual significance. The religion of Islam, through the Qur'an and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), places immense value on water. It is considered a blessing from Allah, a vital source of life, and a sacred trust that must be protected and shared.

Water: A Divine Gift and the Source of Life

One of the most profound verses in the Qur’an highlights the origin of all life through water:

“And We made from water every living thing.”

(Surah Al-Anbiya 21:30)

This verse illustrates the foundational role water plays in creation. It is not merely a scientific observation, but a spiritual reminder of Allah’s wisdom and mercy. Water is one of the countless signs (Ayat) of Allah's power. By reflecting on the presence and importance of water, Muslims are encouraged to acknowledge and appreciate the divine hand in every aspect of existence.

Water in the Qur'an: A Symbol of Mercy and Sustenance

The Qur’an refers to water over 60 times, often associating it with mercy (rahmah), purification, and sustenance. It is portrayed as a blessing that descends from the sky, nourishes the earth, revives the dead land, and allows crops to grow. For example:

“It is He who sends down rain from the sky. From it you drink and from it (grows) the vegetation on which you send your cattle to pasture.”

(Surah An-Nahl 16:10)

This verse points to the interconnectedness of all living things and the essential role that water plays in sustaining life on Earth. It also reflects how water is a divine provision that benefits not only human beings but also animals and plants.

Purity and Worship: Water as a Means of Spiritual Cleansing

Water holds a central place in Islamic worship and spiritual purification. Performing wudu (ablution) is a condition for many acts of worship, especially the five daily prayers (salat). It involves washing the face, hands, arms, and feet, symbolizing the cleansing of both body and soul.

There is also ghusl, a full-body purification required in specific circumstances. These practices highlight how water is used not just to clean the body, but to prepare the worshipper spiritually for communion with Allah.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized that cleanliness is half of faith (“At-tahuru shatru al-iman” – Sahih Muslim), and water is the vehicle through which this cleanliness is achieved.

Ethics of Water Use: Conservation and Avoiding Waste

Islam places strong emphasis on moderation and prohibits wastefulness, even when resources are abundant. A powerful example of this is found in the hadith:

“Do not waste water, even if you perform your ablution on the banks of an abundantly-flowing river.”

(Sunan Ibn Majah)

This teaching is revolutionary in its message: even in the presence of unlimited water, the believer must exercise restraint. This reflects a deep ethical commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainability, values that align closely with today’s ecological concerns.

The Islamic concept of wasatiyyah (moderation) applies to all aspects of life, including how we use natural resources. The wasteful consumption of water, or the pollution of water sources, is a betrayal of the trust (amanah) given to humanity to act as stewards (khalifah) of the Earth.

Water as a Shared Resource and a Human Right

Islam regards water as a communal resource that should not be monopolized. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:

“People are partners in three things: water, pasture, and fire.”

(Abu Dawood, Hadith 3477)

This hadith underscores the idea that water belongs to all and cannot be withheld from those in need. Denying access to water—whether for people, animals, or crops—is a serious moral failing in Islamic teachings.

Historically, Muslim societies built public fountains, wells, and irrigation systems to ensure everyone had access to clean water. These projects were often seen as acts of religious piety and social justice.

Sadaqah (Charity) Through Water: A Lasting Reward

Giving water to others is considered one of the highest forms of charity in Islam. The Prophet (peace be upon him) was asked, “Which charity is best?” and he replied:

“Providing water.”

(Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith 3664)

Because water is a recurring need, offering it as a charity—whether by digging a well, installing a hand pump, or supporting water access projects—qualifies as Sadaqah Jariyah (ongoing charity). This means the donor continues to earn spiritual rewards as long as people benefit from that water source, even after the donor has passed away.

A Call to Environmental Stewardship

In modern times, the misuse and pollution of water has reached critical levels. In response, Islamic environmental ethics urge believers to return to the principles of moderation, gratitude, and care for creation.

Muslim environmentalists today draw inspiration from Islamic teachings to promote water conservation, protection of rivers and oceans, and sustainable agriculture. The Qur’an and Sunnah not only provide religious guidance but also a comprehensive ethical framework for addressing the global water crisis.

Conclusion: Water as a Spiritual and Social Trust

Water in Islam is not just a physical necessity—it is a sacred trust, a symbol of life, and a test of human character. It teaches gratitude, discipline, generosity, and environmental consciousness. From the Qur’anic revelation to the example of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Muslims are taught to see water as both a blessing to be cherished and a responsibility to be upheld.

As we face the growing challenges of water scarcity, pollution, and climate change, the Islamic perspective on water offers timeless wisdom and practical ethics. It invites believers to honour this gift from Allah with humility, care, and justice—for the sake of all creation.