Selenium Interview Questions Based on Real Job Interviews

Selenium is a top tool for testing web applications. It is used in many tech companies today. Many testing jobs now ask questions about Selenium. In this article, we will explore Selenium Interview Questions that companies ask in real job interviews. These questions help you prepare for entry and mid-level roles.

1. What is Selenium?

Selenium is an open-source tool. It automates web browsers. It helps in testing websites quickly and easily.

2. Name the main components of Selenium.

There are four main components:

• Selenium WebDriver
• Selenium IDE
• Selenium Grid
• Selenium RC (older version)

3. What is Selenium WebDriver?

WebDriver is a tool for browser automation. It controls the browser directly using code. It is fast and flexible.

4. What languages does Selenium support?

Selenium supports Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and JavaScript. Java and Python are the most common in real jobs.

5. How can you open a website using Selenium?

You can use driver.get("https://example.com") in WebDriver. It opens the webpage in the browser.

6. What is the difference between get() and navigate().to()?

Both open websites. get() waits for the page to load fully. navigate().to() is useful for back and forward.

7. How do you locate web elements in Selenium?

You can locate elements using:

• ID
• Name
• Class Name
• Tag Name
• CSS Selector
• XPath

8. What is XPath?

XPath helps to find elements on the page. It works on the element's structure or text.

Example:

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='email']))

9. What are implicit and explicit waits?

Implicit Wait: Waits globally for all elements.

Explicit Wait: Waits for a specific element or condition.

Both help with page loading issues.

10. What is the use of WebDriverWait?

WebDriverWait helps with explicit waits. It waits until a condition is true before continuing.

11. How do you click a button in Selenium?

You can click a button using:

driver.findElement(By.id("submit")).click();

12. How do you handle dropdowns?

Use the Select class.

Example:

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Select dropdown = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("dropdown"))); dropdown.selectByVisibleText("Option");

13. How to handle alerts in Selenium?

Use the Alert interface:

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Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

alert.accept(); // for OK

alert.dismiss(); // for Cancel

14. What is a frame in a webpage?

A frame is a page within another page. You must switch to it using: driver.switchTo().frame("frameName");

15. How do you perform mouse hover?

Use the Actions class:

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Actions action = new Actions(driver);

action.moveToElement(element).perform();

16. What are some common exceptions in Selenium?

• NoSuchElementException
• TimeoutException
• ElementNotInteractableException
• StaleElementReferenceException

These occur when Selenium cannot find or interact with elements.

17. How to handle dynamic elements?

Use dynamic XPath or CSS selectors.

Example: //input[contains(@id, 'email')]

18. What is the Page Object Model (POM)?

POM is a design pattern. It helps separate test logic from page code. It makes code clean and reusable.

19. How do you upload a file using Selenium?

Use sendKeys() with the file path.

Example:

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driver.findElement(By.id("upload")).sendKeys("C:\\path\\file.txt");

20. How to take a screenshot in Selenium?

Use TakesScreenshot interface.

Example:

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File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

21. What is Selenium Grid?

Selenium Grid runs tests on many machines and browsers. It supports parallel test execution.

22. What tools are used with Selenium?

Common tools:

• TestNG for test management
• Maven for builds
• Jenkins for continuous integration
• Allure for reporting

23. How do you use TestNG with Selenium?

TestNG helps run tests, manage test groups, and create reports. Use @Test, @BeforeTest, and @AfterTest annotations.

24. What is data-driven testing?

Data-driven testing uses different input values for the same test case. TestNG supports this using @DataProvider.

25. What is headless browser testing?

Headless testing runs browser tests without a UI. It’s faster and used in CI pipelines.

Example:

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ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();

options.setHeadless(true);

26. How to verify a checkbox is selected?

Use:

element.isSelected();

27. How to maximize the browser window?

Use:

driver.manage().window().maximize();

28. What is the difference between close() and quit()?

close() shuts the current tab.

quit() closes all browser windows.

29. How do you verify text on a web page?

Use:

String text = driver.findElement(By.id("message")).getText();

30. How do you handle multiple windows?

Use:

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Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles();

driver.switchTo().window(windowID);

Conclusion

These Selenium Interview Questions are based on real interviews from 2024 and early 2025. Practice each question carefully. These cover both basic and real-world topics. Most companies now want hands-on experience. So, try to build simple Selenium projects.

If you're preparing for QA roles, revise these questions before your interview. Learn the basics, understand real problems, and stay updated. Selenium is a powerful tool. With practice, you can master it and succeed in job interviews.