leadership and management

INTRODUCTION

Leadership and management are often termed as the driving tool of the organization as well as the synonymous.

As a crucial component of management, leadership is the most essential ingredient of building environment. Leadership is defined as the potential influence to drive or guide the group’s effort towards the achievement of the goal of the organizations.

This influence may originate from the sources of the managerial position in the organization.

A manager must have the traits of the leader, he must possess leadership qualities. Leaders develop and begin strategies that develop and encourage the competitive advantage.

Organization requires leadership and management for the superlative organization efficiency.

THE CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

LEADERSHIP

Leadership is an important element in the management of staff. A leader is the person who influences the attitudes and behavior of the people. A person is said to have an influence over others when they are willing to carry out the wishes and accept the guidance. A leader guide and directs the effort of the people towards the completion of the goals.

It can be defined as the process of influencing a group of persons so that they can attempt willingly towards the attainment of the desired objectives.

DIFFERENT MEANINGS OF LEADERSHIP

Leadership is an ongoing process

Leadership is a continuous and ongoing process. It involves regular interactions between the leader and his followers

Leadership is the process of interpersonal influence

Leadership is the process of the interpersonal influence by which one person (the leader) influences others (the followers) to strive for the achievement of certain goals.

Leadership is the potential influencer

Leadership has the capacity to influence a group towards the realization of the goals which helps in developing and motivating the group towards the achievement of the visions.

THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

1. Great man theory

According to this theory leaders are simply born with the necessary internal characteristics such as fascination, confidence, intelligence, and social skills that make them natural-born leaders or in other words we can say that they are born to rule.

Great man theories assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent—that great leaders are born, not made. This theory often influences the great leaders as heroic and destined to rise to leadership when needed.

2. Trait theory

Trait theory identifies that people acquire certain qualities and traits that make them better adapted towards leadership. Trait theories often identify a particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders.

3. Contingency theory

Contingency theories of leadership focus on particular subjects which are related to the environment that might identify which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. According to this theory no leadership style is best in all situations.

4. Situational Theory

The situational theory of leadership defines that no single or individual leadership style is best. Instead it depends on which type of leadership and strategies are matching to the task. According to this theory leaders are those who are able to adapt their style to the situation and look at cues such as the type of task, the nature of the group and other factors that might contribute to getting the job done.

MANAGEMENT

Management is an ongoing process of collecting inputs of an organization by typical managerial functions (planning, organizing, directing and controlling) for the purpose of achieving the objectives and output of goods and services desired by its customers .

In the process, work is performed is based on the personnel of the organization in an ever-changing business environment.

Management is defined as a social process because it is directly concerned with management of human resources in order to get the co¬operation and teamwork from the people in their performance.

In the process of management it involves related functions are as follows

. PLANNING

. DIRECTING

. ORGANISING

. CONTROLLING

THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT

Theories of management involve two subjects: 1. FAYOL THEORY 2. TAYLOR THEORY

FAYOL THEORY OF MANAGEMENT

Management is the planning, organizing, command, co-ordination and control of technical, financial, commercial, accounting and security activities. It is not command or order but motivation which can help us to understand why men and women work and how to secure from them maximum productivity.

In other words Henry Fayol’s theory can be considered as the modern management theory.

TAYLOR THEORY OF MANAGEMENT

Taylor’s management theory is based on four main principles:

1. Company leadership should develop a standard method for doing each job using scientific management.

2. Workers should be selected for a job based on their skills and abilities.

3. Work should be planned to eliminate interruptions.

4. Wage incentives should be offered to encourage increased output.

Fredrick Taylor’s management theory is considered as the scientific theory or approach of management.

DIFFERENTIATION OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

Generally leadership and management are considered as the synonymous. In fact there are following differences between the two:-

1. Leadership is possible in both organized and unorganized groups. On the other hand management is possible only in formally organized group

2. A leader obtains his authority mainly from his official position in the organization. In other words leadership depends on the acceptance of the authority. Management is based on the formal authority.

3. Leadership is mainly a part of direction whereas management involves planning, organizing, directing and controlling. Management is the wider scope and leadership is the part of the management but not all of it.

CONCLUSION

A strong leader can be a weak manager just as a strong manager may be a weak leader. A leader may not be a good manager but a manager must have qualities of a good and efficient leader. Leadership attended by management which sets a new way and makes optimal use of resources for the achievement of the goal . Both leadership and management are essential for individual as well as organizational success.