Astronomers Discover FAST SPINNING BLACK HOLES In Space

of all the powerful and destructive

forces in the universe black holes

remain some of the most mysterious in

recent years astronomers have studied

far more of them and discovered that not

only do they come in all shapes and

sizes but rather than being stationary

in space some are actually moving and

some even spend an incredible speeds but

what are the consequences of this and

how does it affect the surrounding

regions we're only just starting to find

out when stars that are more than three

times the size of our own reaches the

end of their lives they can undergo

extreme gravitational collapse which

sucks all the remaining materials into

an incredibly confined space here the

force of gravity is so strong that

conventional rules of how atoms interact

are overridden and the result is a black

hole

they are so dense in the gravity is so

powerful that even the fastest moving

particles such as photons of lights are

unable to escape the event horizon that

surrounds it

so apparently photons of light are not

as powerful as Matthew McConaughey so if

the Sun were to be suddenly compacted

into an area to such an extent that it

would be a black hole it would have a

diameter of just four miles across

although it would still have the same

mass as the Sun so the gravity exerted

on the rest of the solar system would be

the same the planets was still orbit the

way that they do now and this means that

black holes interact with other objects

beyond the grasp of the event horizon

just like anything else for a long time

black holes were just a theoretical but

ass researchers have developed

technology to look into the sky it's now

believed that they are actually quite

common all galaxies are thought to

contain supermassive black holes at

their centers and images have been

taking that showed the universe to be

full of ones that exist elsewhere -

while the black holes themselves aren't

visible the disks of matter that

surround them show the telltale signs

that there's a massive gravitational

anomaly within it and there are

instances where the phenomenon can

actually expel material for example this

would occur when they collide with one

another were through a process

discovered by Stephen Hawking known as

Hawking radiation what's even more

fascinating is that

study examining supermassive black holes

at Galaxy cores has found that they also

spent just like other objects in space

but the rate at which they rotate is

almost unbelievable

so let's talk about these spinning black

holes NASA's Chandra x-ray Observatory

as a Space Telescope that detects x-rays

more than a hundred times as sensitively

as any other system astronomers have

used its capabilities to look at five

different quasars which are gigantic

galactic nuclei with supermassive black

holes that have the mass of many

hundreds of millions of our Sun and are

surrounded by large discs of gas and

material quasars are incredibly bright

in the sky compared to surrounding

objects but at distances of between 10

and 11 billion light-years away from us

but at distances between 10 and 11

billion light-years away from us they

are so extremely difficult to look at in

detail to do this effectively

astronomers take advantage of a range of

effects that happen to the light as it

travels towards us to help sharpen the

image the first is called gravitational

lensing which occurs because any object

with a sufficiently large mass such as a

galaxy warps space-time in a way that

magnifies images from behind all the

five quasars die were looked at we're

perfectly positioned to be

gravitationally lensed to give greater

clarity but this also causes a

phenomenon predicted by Einstein where

the light has been to such an extent

that multiple images of an object are

seen at the same time one of the costs

are images which shows four virgins in a

closed configuration is known as the

Einstein cross and in this case the

galaxies used to magnify the image is

ten times closer to us than it is stars

also cause warping of space-time

although to a much lesser extent but

this can be used to further refine any

magnification in a process called micro

lensing it's how scientists managed to

gain such clear images of the croisé are

much better than has ever been done

before when they did they could hardly

believe what the images showed they

expected accretion discs of material

around the black hole to be superheated

because that's why they're so bright in

the sky but they also found that these

disks were orbiting the black holes much

closer to the event horizon that would

be expected if they were static which

means they had to be spinning as super

high speeds in one case had reached

around a 70% of the speed of light for

this to be possible the black holes

themselves would have to be spinning at

even greater speeds and it's not that

one of them has an event horizon moving

at very near the speed of light it's

believed that this happens because

material usually as to a black hole from

the same direction as it approaches from

an already spinning disc over billions

of years each addition as momentum to

the whole spin and eventually it can

reach such huge speeds for example the

Einstein cross has been measured with

the spin of 670 million miles per hour

not only does this have consequences for

the disk of material around it but also

for the fabric of space-time itself

there's currently no way of detecting

quite how far the ripples spread but

with the mass and speeds involved it

likely has distortive effects throughout

the whole of his host galaxy basically

the more we learn of black holes the

more we realize how truly powerful and

destructive they can be future probes

and research projects are still being

planned that will further explore these

phenomena so who knows what we might

find out next and what that means for

our fundamental understanding of the

universe thank you so much for watching

see you next time