Current ADHD & Autism Research 2025: Early Signs & Detection Guide

In recent years, research into Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention‑Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has advanced significantly—and for parents, knowing the latest findings and early‑detection cues can make a real difference. This blog summarises the key themes in the latest research (2020 onward), and outlines how parents can spot early signs of these neurodevelopmental conditions.

What’s new in ADHD & Autism research

Overlap, distinction & biomarkers

Researchers have found that autism and ADHD share many features—especially difficulties in executive function (skills like planning, impulse control, switching attention). A recent review found that across neurodevelopmental disorders, delays in executive function are remarkably similar (University of Sydney, 2024).

At the same time, cutting‑edge work shows there are distinct brain connectivity and genetic signatures for ASD and ADHD (Medical Xpress, 2025). A 2025 systematic review addressed screening tools for autism among children already diagnosed with ADHD, highlighting diagnostic complexity in co‑occurring cases (White et al., 2025).

Heterogeneity in autism

Autism is increasingly viewed not as a single uniform condition, but as a spectrum with different developmental and genetic pathways (Medscape, 2025). Early-diagnosed children show different genetic profiles compared to those diagnosed later, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.

Earlier developmental pathways

Prospective infant studies show that children who go on to be diagnosed with ASD often already show subtle behavioral and brain differences well before age 2 (Zwaigenbaum et al., 2015). For ADHD, emerging research suggests early signs of attentional and executive function difficulties may appear in toddlerhood. For example, infant sleep patterns may correlate with later autism risk (The Times, 2025).

Diagnostics & delays

Waiting times for diagnosis remain long, delaying access to support (UWA, 2023). Co‑occurrence complicates matters: children with both ASD and ADHD may receive a later autism diagnosis or earlier ADHD diagnosis depending on presentation (White et al., 2022).

Emerging digital/AI tools

New research uses eye‑tracking, deep learning, and brain imaging to enhance early detection of ASD and ADHD (Venkataraman et al., 2025). These tools are not yet standard clinical practice but show promise for scalable, remote screening.

Why this matters for parents

Early detection of ASD or ADHD offers critical opportunities for intervention. Studies show earlier support tends to lead to better developmental outcomes (Campos et al., 2025).

Overlap between the conditions means parents should remain observant even if their child is diagnosed with only one.

Delays in diagnosis underscore the value of taking action while waiting for formal assessment, such as supportive strategies (behavioural, educational, sensory).

Emerging tools provide parents with more ways to monitor development and seek timely interventions.

How to detect early signs

Early signs of autism (ASD)

Limited eye contact, fewer social smiles, less interest in shared enjoyment by 12–18 months (Zwaigenbaum et al., 2015).

Delayed babbling/gesturing or loss of previously acquired language skills (Campos et al., 2025).

Atypical response to name, or reduced joint attention.

Repetitive movements or unusual sensory responses.

Delays in motor milestones or unusual gait/coordination (NY Post, 2025).

Restricted play interests or intense focus on parts of objects.

Early signs of ADHD

High activity levels, difficulty sitting still, impulsive actions in preschool (University of Sydney, 2024).

Short attention span relative to peers; difficulty following instructions or completing tasks.

Older children may show poor organisational skills, frequent distractibility, or day‑dreaming.

Delays in executive functions are common across both ADHD and ASD (University of Sydney, 2024).

Overlap and combined indicators

Children showing both social/communication differences and attention/impulse control issues may have co‑occurring ASD + ADHD (White et al., 2022).

Behavioural measures alone can mislead; screening tools designed for one condition may under-detect the other (White et al., 2023).

What parents can do now

Keep a developmental diary or log.

Use early-screening questionnaires with a GP or paediatrician.

Advocate for early support while waiting for formal assessment.

Monitor attention and executive function behaviors.

Observe sensory and motor responses.

Seek clinicians experienced in both ADHD and ASD.

Stay informed about new digital and AI tools for early detection.

Final thoughts

Research shows increasing understanding of overlapping features, distinct developmental pathways, and early-life indicators for ADHD and autism. Parents who are observant, proactive, and informed can support their child’s development earlier and engage interventions that improve long-term outcomes. Early detection opens the door to personalised, responsive support and empowers families to navigate neurodivergence confidently.