Why 26 January is Celebrated As Republic Day

India celebrates Republic Day on 26th January every year with grandeur and patriotic fervor. This day marks the adoption of the Constitution of India, which came into effect on 26th January 1950, replacing the Government of India Act 1935 as the governing document of India. Republic Day is one of the three national holidays in India, alongside Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti.

Historical Significance of 26th January

The choice of 26th January was not random; it carries deep historical and symbolic significance. On 26th January 1930, the Indian National Congress (INC) declared Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence from British rule during the Lahore Session. This resolution was a significant step in India’s freedom struggle, rejecting British dominion status and aiming for full sovereignty. Although India gained independence on 15th August 1947, the leaders of the nation wanted to honor the importance of 26th January by making it the day India would officially become a republic.

The Journey to Becoming a Republic

Independence from British Rule

India attained independence on 15th August 1947, marking the end of nearly 200 years of British colonial rule. However, India was still governed under the Government of India Act, 1935, a colonial framework. The leaders of independent India realized the need for a new constitution to establish India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic.

Formation of the Constituent Assembly

The process of drafting the Indian Constitution began even before independence. The Constituent Assembly of India was formed in December 1946, with Dr. Rajendra Prasad as its President. The assembly comprised representatives from various regions, communities, and ideologies, reflecting the diversity of India.

Drafting the Constitution

The task of drafting the Constitution was assigned to a Drafting Committee, chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who is widely regarded as the Father of the Indian Constitution. The drafting process involved meticulous discussions, debates, and consultations, ensuring the document was inclusive and forward-thinking. After nearly 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days, the Constitution was finalized on 26th November 1949. However, it was decided to bring it into effect on 26th January 1950 to honor the significance of Purna Swaraj Day.

What Does Republic Day Symbolize?

1. Adoption of the Constitution Republic Day signifies the formal adoption of the Constitution of India, which declared India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. The Constitution established a framework for governance and outlined the rights and duties of citizens.
2. End of Monarchical Rule By becoming a republic, India officially ended the symbolic association with the British monarchy. The President of India became the head of state, replacing the British Crown.
3. Equality and Justice The Constitution enshrined principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, aiming to build an inclusive and fair society.
4. Democratic Values Republic Day emphasizes the importance of democracy, where the government is of the people, by the people, and for the people. It celebrates the idea of self-governance and the power of citizens in shaping the nation.

Celebrations Across the Nation

Republic Day is celebrated with great enthusiasm and patriotic spirit throughout India. The day is marked by various events and ceremonies, with the grandest celebrations taking place in the national capital, New Delhi.

Republic Day Parade

The centerpiece of the celebrations is the Republic Day Parade held at Rajpath in New Delhi. Organized by the Ministry of Defence, the parade showcases:

• Military strength: Display of advanced weaponry, tanks, missiles, and aircraft by the Indian Armed Forces.
• Cultural diversity: Tableau presentations from different states and Union Territories, highlighting India’s rich heritage and traditions.
• Gallantry awards: Felicitation of brave soldiers and civilians who have shown extraordinary courage and service to the nation.

Flag Hoisting

The President of India, as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, hoists the national flag and delivers the Republic Day address. This is followed by the national anthem and a 21-gun salute.

Beating Retreat Ceremony

The Beating Retreat Ceremony, held on 29th January, marks the conclusion of the Republic Day celebrations. Bands of the Army, Navy, and Air Force perform patriotic tunes in a visually stunning display.

Significance for Citizens

For every Indian, Republic Day is a reminder of the sacrifices made by countless freedom fighters and visionaries who fought for an independent and democratic India. It also underscores the responsibilities of citizens to uphold the values enshrined in the Constitution.

Unity in Diversity

Republic Day is a celebration of India’s diversity. The Constitution recognizes and respects the myriad languages, religions, and cultures that make up the fabric of the nation.

Constitutional Awareness

The day encourages citizens to familiarize themselves with their constitutional rights and duties, fostering a sense of civic responsibility.

Global Recognition

India’s Republic Day has also become an occasion to strengthen diplomatic ties. Every year, a foreign dignitary is invited as the chief guest for the celebrations, symbolizing India’s commitment to international friendship and cooperation.

Challenges and Aspirations

While Republic Day is a day of pride and celebration, it also serves as a moment of introspection. As India progresses, there are challenges such as inequality, corruption, and social disparities that need to be addressed. Republic Day inspires citizens and leaders to strive for a better and more inclusive future.