NAME : AKBAR
BIRTH NAME: Abu’l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar
BIRTH: OCTOBER 15,1542
DEATH: OCTOBER 25,1605
CORONATION: FEBRUARY 14,1556
REIGN: 1556 to 1605
BORN IN: Umarkot, Sindh,Pakistan
FATHER: Emperor Humayun
MOTHER: Hamida Banu Begum
PREDECESSOR: Humayun
SUCESSOR: JAGANGIR
REGENT: BAIRAM KHAN
BURIAL: AKBAR TOMB,SIKANDAR,AGRA
Al-Fath Jalal-Din Abu'l-Fath Muhammad Akbar[8], also known as Akbar the Great and who lived from October 15, 1542, to October 27, 1605, was a Persian emperor. The third Mughal ruler, known as Akbar Azam (Persian pronunciation: [akbar azam]) and also as Akbar I (Persian pronunciation: [akbar]), ruled from 1556 to 1605. Under the guidance of a regent named Bairam Khan, Akbar replaced his father, Humayun, and consolidated the Mughal empire's Indian realms
Akbar, a successful general with a strong personality, steadily expanded the Mughal Empire to encompass much of the Indian subcontinent. But because the Mughals dominated in terms of military, politics, culture, and economy, his power and impact spread throughout the entire subcontinent. Akbar implemented a centralized administration system across his realm and pursued a policy of appeasing conquered rulers in order to unify the vast Mughal state.
He implemented policies that gained the support of his non-Muslim subjects in order to maintain peace and order in a kingdom with a diverse religious and cultural population. Akbar sought to unite the remote regions of his realm by eschewing tribal ties and Islamic state identification and relying instead on Indo-Persian culture to show loyalty to himself as an emperor.
A robust and stable economy was established in Mughal India, which promoted commercial growth and increased support for the arts. Akbar was a supporter of the arts and culture. His collection, which contained over 24,000 books in Sanskrit, Urdu, Persian, Greek, Latin, Arabic, and Kashmiri, was staffed by a large number of scholars, translators, artists, calligraphers, scribes, bookbinders, and readers.
His court was decorated with holy men of various faiths, poets, architects, and artisans from around the globe for study and debate. Akbar's palaces in Delhi, Agra, and Fatehpur Sikri developed into hubs for the humanities and education. A distinctive Indo-Persian culture with Mughal-style arts, painting, and architecture emerged as Timurid and Perso-Islamic culture started to converge and blend with native Indian components. Disenchanted with traditional Islam and perhaps expecting to promote religious harmony within his empire, Akbar promulgated Din-i-Ilahi, a syncretic creed that combined elements of Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Islam.
The rule of Akbar had a major impact on Indian history. The Mughal Empire tripled in size and riches under his rule. He established successful political and social changes in addition to a strong military system. He was the first Mughal emperor to gain the respect and allegiance of the native subjects by abolishing the sectarian tax on non-Muslims and by appointing them to important civil and military positions. Realizing that the cooperation and goodwill of his subjects were essential to the stability of his kingdom, he had Sanskrit literature translated and took part in native festivals. Thus, during his reign, the foundations for a multicultural kingdom under Mughal rule were established. Prince Salim, also known as Jahangir, the eldest son of Akbar, replaced his father as emperor.
The Mughal emperor Humayun fled to Sindh after being routed by Sher Shah Suri's troops in battles at Chausa and Kannauj in 1539 to 1541. There he encountered and wed Hamida Banu Begum, age 14, who was the pupil of Humayun's younger brother Hindal Mirza's Persian teacher Shaikh Ali Akbar Jami. The following year, on October 25, 1542(the fifth day of Rajab, 949 AH), Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar was born at the Rajput Fortress of Amarkot in Rajputana (in modern-day Sindh), where his parents had sought sanctuary from the local Hindu ruler Rana Prasad.
Akbar was raised in Kabul by his aunts, in especially Kamran Mirza's wife, and his extended family, which included his paternal uncles Kamran Mirza and Askari Mirza. He spent his formative years learning to hunt, run, and fight, becoming a fearless, strong, and courageous warrior, but he never picked up a book or pen. But this did not stop him from seeking information. It is said that he would have someone read to him when he withdrew for the night. Hindal Mirza, Humayun's youngest sibling, lost his life in combat with Kamran Mirza's troops on November 20, 1551. When Humayun learned of his brother's passing, he was overcome with sorrow.
Following the confusion surrounding Islam Shah, the son of Sher Shah Suri, Humayun retook Delhi in 1555 leading a force that was partially supplied by his Persian ally Tahmasp I. In a few months, Humayun passed away. To set up Akbar's succession, Bairam Khan, Akbar's protector, hid the death. On February 14, 1556, Akbar replaced Humayun while engaged in a conflict with Sikandar Shah to retake the Mughal throne. The 14-year-old Akbar was crowned by Bairam Khan in Kalanaur, Punjab, on a recently built pedestal that is still there today.He was crowned Shahanshah in . (Persian for "King of Kings"). He was controlled by Bairam Khan until he reached adulthood.
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