Cancer

Diagnosis and Treatment:

Early detection is key to improving cancer treatment outcomes. There are various methods for diagnosing cancer, including imaging tests such as x-rays, CT scans, MRT, and imaging tests such as biopsies, where fabric samples are performed for microscopic examinations.

Cancer treatment depends on the type, stage, location of the patient, and the general health of the patient. Frequent treatment options include:

Surgery:

In many cases, surgery can remove the tumor. If the cancer is localized and does not spread, surgery can be a therapeutic option.This treatment uses drugs to kill or inhibit cancer cell growth. Chemotherapy is often used for types of cancer that have spread or are difficult to treat only surgically.

Cancer Biology :

Cancer begins when cells grow uncontrollably in the body. Under normal circumstances, cells follow a regulated cycle of growth, division and death. This process is regulated by many genes that help ensure proper functioning of the cell. However, if these genes are affected by mutations, the cells lose their ability to control their growth and division, leading to tumor formation.

Cancer cells differ in several ways from normal cells. One of the most well-known differences is the ability to escape the body's immune system, which usually aims to destroy abnormal cells. Cancer cells also avoid normal cell death processes (apoptosis), allowing them to survive and increase. Furthermore, these cells can develop the ability to spread to other parts of the body - a process known as metastasis.

Tumors can be classified as benign or malignant. Benign tumors are not like cancer and usually do not spread to other parts of the body. On the other hand, malignant tumors are cancer-like, which can penetrate surrounding tissues and spread to distant organs via the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

Causes of cancer:

The onset of cancer is often the result of a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The main causes include:

Genetic Mutations:

Cancer can result from hereditary genetic mutations that predispose an individual to a particular type of cancer. These mutations can affect genes involved in the regulation of cell growth and division. For example, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. But not all types of cancer are angry. Most are the result of acquired mutations that occur in a person's life.

Explaining specific environmental factors can increase your risk of developing cancer. These factors include carcinogenicity such as tobacco smoke from the sun, asbestos, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. For example, smoking is the main cause of lung cancer, but longer sunlight can lead to skin cancers such as melanoma.

Certain infections caused by viruses and bacteria have been linked to cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV), for example, is responsible for most cases of cervical cancer, while the Hepatitis B and C viruses can increase the risk of liver cancer.

Age and Gender:

The risk of developing cancer increases with age, as the accumulation of genetic mutations over time can lead to the development of cancer. Gender can also influence the types of cancers a person is at risk for. For example, men are more likely to develop prostate cancer, while women are at higher risk for breast cancer.

Frequent types of cancer are the most common types:

Breast Cancer:

Breast cancer, one of the most common cancers in the world, occurs when breast cancer grows uncontrollably in the breast. Symptoms include masses of the chest, changes in breast shape, or changes in the skin. Early detection with mammograms and self-examination is important to improve survival.

Lung cancer:

Lung cancer is often caused by smoking, but non-smokers can also develop the disease. Symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain and shortness of breath. Early stage lung cancer is often asymptomatic, making it difficult to recognize until it spreads.

Colon cancer:

Colon cancer of the colon or rectum is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Risk factors include lifestyle factors such as age, family history, and nutrition. Symptoms include changes in blood in the stool, abdominal pain, and intestinal habits.

This cancer affects the prostate, a small gland in men that produces sperm. Prostate cancer often grows slowly and cannot cause symptoms at the early stages. Regular screening and early detection are important for successful treatment.

Skin cancer :

Skin cancer is primarily caused by excessive ultraviolet rays from the sun or tanning beds. The most common types are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma, with melanoma being the most dangerous shape. Symptoms include changes in existing moles or appearance of new moles.